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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1217514
En Route to New Chiral Ferrocene Derivatives: Dead Ends, Detours, and Avenues
Publication History
Publication Date:
23 June 2009 (online)

Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of β-amino-β-ferrocenyl alcohols, a new class of chiral ferrocene derivatives suitable for the elaboration of auxiliaries and ligands for asymmetric synthesis, can be efficiently achieved by the catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of 1-ferrocenylalkenes, followed by the regio- and stereoselective substitution of the hydroxy group adjacent to the ferrocene moiety by nitrogen nucleophiles. En route to these compounds, several previously unknown metallocene derivatives such as α-ferrocenyl epoxides, interannularly cyclopalladated ferrocenyloxazolines, and α-amino-α-ferrocenyl acids have been obtained. The first examples of an organocatalytic approach to the enantioselective synthesis of chiral ferrocenes are also presented.
1 Introduction
2 The Quest for a Stable α-Ferrocenyl Epoxide
3 The Asymmetric Dihydroxylation Route to β-Amino-β-ferrocenyl Alcohols
4 Applications of Chiral Auxiliaries and Ligands Derived from β-Amino-β-ferrocenyl Alcohols to Asymmetric Synthesis
4.1 Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reactions
4.2 Asymmetric Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution Reactions
4.3 Catalytic Enantioselective Nucleophilic Additions to Aldehydes
5 Interannular Cyclopalladation of 4-Ferrocenyloxazolines
5.1 Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Cyclopalladated 4-Ferrocenyl-1,3-oxazolines
5.2 Applications of Interannularly Cyclopalladated 4-Ferrocenyl-1,3-oxazolines in Catalysis
6 Enantioselective Synthesis of Novel Ferrocenyl Amino Acids
7 The Kinetic Resolution Approach to Planar Chiral Ferrocenes
8 Enantioselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of Chiral Ferrocenes
9 Summary and Outlook
Key words
amino alcohols - asymmetric catalysis - epoxides - ferrocenes - palladacycles
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reference concerning β-amino-β-ferrocenyl
carbonyl derivatives describes the low-yield (15%)
formation of rac-4-ferrocenyl-4-(2-naphthyl)aminobutanone
in the reaction between (2-naphthyl)ferrocenylimine and
acetone catalyzed by
p-toluenesulfonic
acid. See:
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References
ICREA Junior Researcher at the University of Barcelona
77For a recent critical review on the nature of the active species in the Heck-Mizoroki coupling, see ref. 68g.
121When, under the same reaction conditions, the p-methoxy-phenylimine of benzaldehyde was reacted with butanone, a 1:1.2 mixture of diastereomers (linear/branched) was obtained.