DOI:
        10.1055/s-00000009
      
      
        American Journal of Perinatology
      
      
        
          
            Issue 11 ·
           Volume 37 ·
           September 2020
            
          
           DOI: 10.1055/s-010-49308 
          
          
          
  
    
      
    
  
  
        
        
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
      
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
          
            
              
              
              
                
                  
                    
                    
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            SMFM Fellowship Series Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1077
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Gulersen, Moti; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Blitz, Matthew J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Rochelson, Burton; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Nimaroff, Michael; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Shan, Weiwei; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bornstein, Eran: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1084
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Porter, Anne C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gumina, Diane L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Armstrong, Michael; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Maclean, Kenneth N.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Reisdorph, Nichole; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Galan, Henry L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Stabler, Sally P.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bailey, Beth A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hobbins, John C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hurt, K. Joseph: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1094
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Johnson, Andrea W.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Snegovskikh, Denis; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Parikh, Lisa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              DeAguiar, Renata B.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Han, Christina S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hwang, Janice J.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Review Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1102
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Tsakiridis, Ioannis; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mamopoulos, Apostolos; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Athanasiadis, Apostolos; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Dagklis, Themistoklis: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Original Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1110
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Fassett, Michael J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lurvey, Lawrence D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yasumura, Lyn; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Nguyen, Marielle; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Colli, Joseph J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Volodarskiy, Marianna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gullett, Jonathan C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Braun, David; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Fong, Alex; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Trivedi, Neha; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bruxvoort, Katia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chiu, Vicki; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Getahun, Darios: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1115
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Hughes, Francine; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Francis, Antonia P.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sciscione, Anthony C.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1123
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Cakir, Ufuk; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tayman, Cuneyt; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Buyuktiryaki, Mehmet; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Unsal, Handan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ozer Bekmez, Buse: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1130
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Bin-Nun, Alona; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kassirer, Yair; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mimouni, Francis B.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Shchors, Irina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hammerman, Cathy: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1134
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              O'Leary, Bobby D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bholah, Tariq; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kalisse, Tamara; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hehir, Mark P.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Geary, Michael P.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1140
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Chandrasekaran, Suchitra; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Barry, Darcy; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Melhorn, Susan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Easterling, Thomas; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gammill, Hilary; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Schur, Ellen: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1146
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Maldonado, Lauren Y.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Fryer, Kimberly E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tucker, Christine M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Stuebe, Alison M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1155
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Dotters-Katz, Sarah K.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gray, Beverly; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Heine, Robert Phillips; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Propst, Katie: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1160
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Faucher, Mary Ann; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Greathouse, Kristen Leigh; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hastings-Tolsma, Marie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Padgett, Robert Noah; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sakovich, Kimberly; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Choudhury, Ankan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sheikh, Aadil; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ajami, Nadim J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Petrosino, Joseph F.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1173
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Mutlu, Mehmet; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Aslan, Yakup; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kader, Şebnem; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Aktürk Acar, Filiz: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1177
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Alsaleem, Mahdi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Berkelhamer, Sara K.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wilding, Gregory E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Miller, Lorin M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Reynolds, Anne Marie: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Short Communication
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1183
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Rubin, Elizabeth S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sansone, Stephanie A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hirshberg, Adi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Clement, Elizabeth G.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Srinivas, Sindhu K.: