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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1075659
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Ernährung bei Leberzirrhose
Aktueller Stand der Diagnostik und TherapieNutrition in liver cirrhosisDiagnostic aspects and treatmentPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 28.8.2007
akzeptiert: 29.11.2007
Publikationsdatum:
09. April 2008 (online)

Zusammmenfassung
Mangel- und Unterernährung sind bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose häufig und betreffen vor allem Protein- und Energie-Versorgung. Die pathophysiologischen Ursachen sind vielfältig und werden im Wesentlichen durch metabolische Veränderungen sowie resorptive und maldigestive Störungen aufgrund der Zirrhose bestimmt. Mangelernährung beeinflusst dabei die Mortalität sowie die Komplikationsrate der chronischen Lebererkrankung. Primäres Ziel sollte bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose die Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden täglichen Gesamtkalorienzufuhr sein, die gegenüber der Normalbevölkerung erhöht ist. Außerdem muss aufgrund des erhöhten Aminosäurenumsatzes auf eine ausreichende Proteinzufuhr geachtet werden. Aszites kann bei Leberzirrhotikern eine salzarme Trinkmengenbeschränkung erfordern. Eine zusätzliche Substitution von Vitaminen oder Spurenelementen, vor allem bei hepatischer Osteopathie, ist bei Vorliegen von Mangelsymptomen indiziert.
Abstract
Malnutrition is very common in patients with liver cirrhosis and includes especially protein-calorie malnutrition. The pathophysiological reasons vary and are caused by metabolic modifications and characteristics of enteral absorption and digestion cause by the cirrhosis. Malnutrition contributes to overall mortality and complication rate of the chronic liver disease. An adequate daily energy and protein supply should be ensured in patients with liver cirrhosis, which is higher than that in the normal population, because of higher amino-acid turnover. Ascites may benefit from daily low-salt fluid intake. Nutritional substitution of vitamins and trace elements is indicated when symptoms of deficiency occur.
Schlüsselwörter
Leberzirrhose - Mangelernährung - Proteinmalnutrition - Makronährstoffe - Mikronährstoffe
Key words
liver cirrhosis - malnutrition - protein-calorie malnutrition - macronutrients - micronutrients
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Dr. med. F. Gundling
Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Gastroenterologische Onkologie, Städtisches
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