RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-956282
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
HbA1c - Goldstandard in der Beurteilung der Therapie des Diabetes?
HbA1c - the gold standard in the assessment of diabetes treatment?Publikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 28.7.2006
akzeptiert: 12.9.2006
Publikationsdatum:
30. November 2006 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Das HbA1c ist ein wichtiger Parameter für die Therapiekontrolle und -entscheidung bei Diabetespatienten. Er spiegelt die mittlere Blutglukose der letzten 6 bis 8 Wochen wider. Das gilt aber nur für große Populationen und nicht für den Einzelpatienten. Differenzen zwischen Blutglukose und HbA1c müssen genau analysiert werden, da sie vielfältige Ursachen haben können. Der HbA1c kann nicht die Blutglukosewerte ersetzen, um unmittelbar und kurzfristig den Glukosestoffwechsel zu beurteilen und akute Stoffwechselentgleisungen zu erkennen. Der mittlere HbA1c-Wert sagt potenzielle diabetische Komplikationen voraus und zeigt eine enge Korrelation mit angiopathischen klinischen Endpunkten.
Die Güte der Stoffwechseleinstellung wird vom HbA1c und den Blutglukosewerten zu definierten Zeitpunkten bestimmt. Aber der HbA1c ist aufgrund der zahlreichen genannten Einflussfaktoren nur bedingt Goldstandard. Auch Entwicklungen wie in England und USA, die den HbA1c zur relevanten Grundlage von Therapie und Abrechnungen machen („pay for performance”), führen in die völlig falsche Richtung und tragen weder zur Validität von dokumentierten Werten in strukturierten Behandlungsprogrammen bei, noch stimulieren sie die Verbesserung der Gesamtbetreuung von Diabetikern. Über die Güte der Einstellung sollte allein das individuelle gemeinsam mit dem Patienten erarbeitete Therapieziel entscheiden.
Summary
HbA1c is an important measure in monitoring treatment and management decisions in diabetic patients. It reflects the mean blood glucose level during the preceding 6 to 8 weeks. But this is true only for the population as a whole, not the individual patient. Differences between blood glucose and HbA1c values must be analysed precisely, because it is subject to numerous factors. HbA1c cannot replace blood glucose measurements for immediately assessing glucose metabolism and recognizing acute metabolic abnormalities. The mean HbA1c level predicts potential diabetic complications and is closely correlated with clinical angiopathic end-points.
The quality of metabolic regulation can be assessed from HbA1c and blood glucose levels at defined times. But because of the numerous influencing factors HbA1c can be used as gold standard only with limitations. Developments, as in Great Britain and the USA, which take HbA1c as relevant basis for treatment („pay for performance”), lead in a completely wrong direction and contribute neither to the validity of documented values in structured therapeutic programmes nor do they stimulate improvement in the overall management of diabetes. The quality of metabolic control should be determined entirely within the therapeutic target worked out together with the patient.
Literatur
- 1
Davis T M E, Cull C A, Holmann R R. for the UKPDS Group .
Relationship between ethnicity and glycemic control, lipid profiles, and blood pressure
during the first 9 years of type 2 diabetes: U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS
55).
Diabetes Care .
2001;
24
1167-1174
MissingFormLabel
- 2
Doran T, Fullwood C, Gravelle H. et al .
Pay-for-performance programs in family practices in the United Kingdom.
New Engl J Med.
2006;
355
375-384
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Epstein A M.
Paying for performance in the United States and abroad.
New Engl J Med.
2006;
355
406-408
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Harding A H, Sargeant L A, Welch A. et al .
Fat consumption and HbA(1c) levels: the EPIC-Norfolk study.
Diabetes Care.
2001;
24
1911-1916
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Harding A H, Sargeant L A, Khaw K T. et al .
Cross-sectional association between total level and type of alcohol consumption and
glycosylated haemoglobin level: the EPIC-Norfolk Study.
Eur J Clin Nutr.
2002;
56
882-890
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Innerfield R J.
Evidence for the direct inhibition of glycation by the biguanide metformin.
Diabetologia .
2005;
48 (Suppl 1)
A416
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Jeppsson J O, Kobold U, Barr J. et al.; International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) .
Approved IFCC reference method for the measurement of HbA1c in human blood.
Clin Chem Lab Med.
2002;
40
78-89
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Jiao Y, Okumiya T, Saibara T, Park K, Sasaki M.
Abnormally decreased HbA1c can be assessed with erythrocyte creatine in patients with
a shortened erythrocyte age.
Diabetes Care.
1998;
21
1732-1735
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Kiho T, Kato M, Usui S, Hirano K.
Effect of buformin and metformin on formation of advanced glycation end products by
methylglyoxal.
Clin Chim Acta.
2005;
358
139-145
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Kilpatrick E S, Keevilt B G, Richmond K L, Newland P, Addison G M.
Plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentrations are influenced by variations in the renal
threshold for glucose.
Diabet Med.
1999;
16
496-499
MissingFormLabel
- 11
McCarter R J, Hempe J M, Gomez R, Chalew S A.
Biological variation in HbA1c predicts risk of retinopathy and nephropathy in type
1 diabetes.
Diabetes Care.
2004;
27
1259-1264
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Monnier L, Lapinski H, Colette C.
Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall
diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: variations with increasing levels
of HbA(1c).
Diabetes Care.
2003;
26
881-885
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Roberts W L, Safar-Pour S, De B K, Rohlfing C L, Weykamp C W, Little R R.
Effects of hemoglobin C and S traits on glycohemoglobin measurements by eleven methods.
Clin Chem.
2005;
51
776-778
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Rohlfing C L, Wiedmeyer H M, Little R R, England J D, Tennill A, Goldstein D E.
Defining the relationship between plasma glucose and HbA(1c): analysis of glucose
profiles and HbA(1c) in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial.
Diabetes Care.
2002;
25
275-278
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Schlichtkrull J, Munck O, Jersild M.
The m-valve, an index of blood-sugar control in diabetics.
Acta Med Scand.
1965;
177
95-102
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Service F J, Molnar G D, Rosevear J W, Ackerman E, Gatewood L C, Taylor W F.
Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, a measure of diabetic instability.
Diabetes.
1970;
19
644-655
MissingFormLabel
- 17
Service F J, O’Brien P C, Rizza R A.
Measurements of glucose control.
Diabetes Care.
1987;
10
225-237
MissingFormLabel
- 18
Stratton I M, Adler A I, Neil H A, Matthews D R, Manley S E, Cull C A, Hadden D, Turner R C, Holman R R.
Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type
2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study.
BMJ.
2000;
321
405-412
MissingFormLabel
Prof. Dr. med. Rüdiger Landgraf
Diabeteszentrum der Medizinischen Klinik Innenstadt, Klinikum der UniversitätMünchen
Ziemssenstraße 1
80336 München
eMail: ruediger.landgraf@med.uni-muenchen.de