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DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-951358
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Bronchoskopische Diagnostik des peripheren Lungenherdes
Diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions using flexible bronchoscopyPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 15.5.2006
akzeptiert: 24.8.2006
Publikationsdatum:
04. Oktober 2006 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die flexible Bronchoskopie ist ein effektives und sicheres Untersuchungsverfahren in der Diagnostik des peripheren Bronchialkarzinoms. Sie bewahrt nicht selten Patienten vor operativen Prozeduren. Zur Gewinnung von histologischem Material steht die transbronchiale Zangenbiopsie zur Verfügung. Zur zytologischen Diagnostik werden die transbronchiale Nadel- und Katheteraspiration sowie Bürstenabstriche und die Bronchiallavage angewendet. Die Trefferquote nimmt bei Herden < 3 cm und bei im äußeren Thoraxdrittel gelegenen Läsionen ab. In Bezug auf die Verlässlichkeit werden zytologische Verfahren generell akzeptiert. Mit Hilfe der Sofortzytologie kann man die Untersuchung steuern. Die Kombination von transbronchialer Zangenbiopsie und Methoden zur Gewinnung zytologischen Materials erhöht die diagnostische Sensitivität. Im direkten Vergleich wurden für die transbronchiale Nadelaspiration und die transbronchiale Katheteraspiration signifikant höhere Trefferquoten als für die transbronchiale Zangenbiopsie in der Diagnostik des peripheren Bronchialkarzinoms beschrieben. Während man mit der transbronchialen Nadelaspiration extrabronchial wachsende Prozesse erreicht, kann man mit der Katheteraspiration Zellmaterial aus einem größeren Schleimhautareal sammeln. Hierdurch ist eine zeitaufwendige exakte Positionierung der Katheterspitze im Herd unter Röntgendurchleuchtung nicht notwendig.
Summary
Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy is frequently performed in patients with endoscopically not visible lesions, especially for establishing a diagnosis in patients with peripheral lung cancer. The usual method for obtaining material for histological analysis is transbronchial forceps biopsy. To gain material for cytological examination transbronchial needle aspiration, transbronchial catheter aspiration or bronchial brushing and bronchial washing can be used. The size of the lesion and its location influence the diagnostic accuracy of bronchoscopy. The reliability of cytological procedures has found general acceptance: the endoscopic investigation can be guided by the results of on-site cytology. The combination of transbronchial forceps biopsy and cytological methods increases the diagnostic yield. In a direct comparison, cytological examination of material from transbronchial needle aspiration and transbronchial catheter aspiration has been found to have a significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity than transbronchial forceps biopsy in peripheral bronchial carcinoma. While transbronchial needle aspiration makes it possible to obtain tissue from extrabronchial region, catheter aspiration provides material of a larger area of the bronchial mucosa. There is thus no need for an exact positioning of the catheter tip inside the lesion under fluoroscopic guidance.
Schlüsselwörter
peripherer Lungenherd - flexible Bronchoskopie
Key words
peripheral pulmonary lesions - flexible bronchoscopy
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Karl-Josef Franke
Klinik für Pneumologie, Klinik Ambrock Hagen
Ambrocker Weg 60
58091 Hagen
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