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DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924936
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Das modifizierte Bonn-Malmö-Protokoll in der Behandlung der erworbenen Hemmkörperhämophilie
Eine multimodale TherapiestrategieThe modified Bonn Malmö protocol (MBMP) in the treatment of acquired haemophilia AA multimodal treatment strategyPublication History
eingereicht: 14.7.2005
akzeptiert: 5.12.2005
Publication Date:
23 January 2006 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Autoantikörper gegen körpereigene Gerinnungsfaktoren können zu massiven lebensbedrohlichen Blutungen führen, deren Letalität mit bis zu 22 % angegeben wird. Trotz niedriger Inzidenz (1 - 4 × 10 - 6) können die Therapiekosten, verursacht durch langfristige Faktorensubstitution, enorm hoch sein. Das Ziel einer optimalen Therapiestrategie ist daher die Beherrschung der Blutung durch eine rasche und sichere Hemmkörpereliminierung und die Reinduktion einer dauerhaften Immuntoleranz.
Patienten und Methoden: Die Behandlung von 48 Patienten (w = 28, m = 20; mittleres Alter 61,3 Jahre (SD 16,4) mit schwerer erworbener Hemmkörperhämophilie wurde über einen Zeitraum von 5 - 98 Monaten (im Mittel 48 Monate) im Rahmen einer Beobachtungsstudie dokumentiert. Drei Patienten erhielten eine ausschließlich konservative Therapie. 45 Patienten wurden mit einem einheitlichen multimodalen Therapieschema, dem modifizierten Bonn-Malmö-Protokoll (MBMP), folgendermaßen behandelt: 1. Hemmkörperelimination durch Immunoadsorption, 2. immunsupressive Therapie, 3. intravenöse Immunglobulinsubstitution und 4. hoch dosierte Faktor VIII-Substitution. Die Zeitpunkte der Hemmkörperelimination, das Ende der Faktor III-Substitution und die MBMP- Dauer wurden dokumentiert.
Ergebnisse: Bei 45 Patienten mit hohem Hemmkörpertiter sistierten die lebensbedrohlichen Blutungen kurz nach Therapiebeginn. Blutungs- oder therapieassoziierte Todesfälle traten nicht auf. Die Inhibitorelimination dauerte im Median 3 Tage (Konfidenz-Intervall (KI) 95 %, 3 - 7 Tage), die F VIII-Substitution 13 Tage (KI 95 %, 10 - 16 Tage) und die MBMP-Behandlung 15 Tage (KI 95 %, 13 - 17 Tage). Die Remissionsrate lag in der Gesamtgruppe bei 91 % (41/45); bei Ausschluss der Patienten mit paraneoplastischem Syndrom bei 97 % (41/42).
Folgerung: Die kurze Dauer der Faktor-VIII-Substitution, der kurze Krankenhausaufenthalt und das Sistieren von Blutungsereignissen über einen Beobachtungszeitraum von im Mittel 48 Monaten sprechen für eine Immunmodulation durch das MBMP.
Summary
Background and objective: Autoantibodies directed against clotting factors can induce life threatening bleeding with a mortality rate up to 22%. Although the incidence of the disease is low (1-4 × 10 - 6), costs of treatment due to long-term clotting factor substitution can be enormous. Aim of an optimal treatment strategy should be to control bleedings by a rapid and safe elimination of the inhibitor and reinducing long-term immune tolerance.
Patients and Methods: Treatment of 48 patients with acquired haemophilia A (m=20, f =28, age 61,3 (SD 16,4)), the largest patient collective world-wide, was monitored for a mean of 48 months. Three patients received only conservative treatment. 45 patients were treated intensively by a multimodal strategy including: 1. immunoadsorption for antibody elimination; 2. FVIII substitution; 3. intravenous immunoglobulin substitution and 4. immunosuppression. The times required for inhibitor elimination, factor VIII substitution and the duration of the MBMP were documented.
Results: In 45 patients with a high titre critical bleeding was controlled immediately after the initiation of MBMP. There were no deaths from bleeding or the treatment. Inhibitor levels decreased to undetectable levels within a median of 3 days (95% CI, 3-7 days), factor substitution was terminated within a median of 13 days (95% CI, 10-16 days) and the treatment was completed within a median of 15 days (95% CI, 13-17 days). The overall response rate for complete remission (CR) was 91%. When cancer patients were excluded, the CR rate was 97%.
Conclusion: Considering the short duration and amount of factor VIII substitution, the short time of hospitalization and the long-term median follow up of 48 months without bleeding events, the MBMP appears to have a modifiying effect on the immunological response.
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Dr. Heike Zeitler
Universitätsklinik Bonn, Medizinische Poliklinik
Wilhelmstraße 35-37
53111 Bonn
Phone: +49/228/2872628
Fax: +49/228/2872266
Email: heike.zeitler@uni-bonn.de