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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-922080
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Schlafapnoesyndrom und der zirkadianen Häufung von Myokardinfarkten in den Morgenstunden?
Is there an association between the morning peak in the onset of acute myocardial infarction and the sleep apnea syndrome?Publication History
eingereicht: 22.4.2005
akzeptiert: 16.9.2005
Publication Date:
29 November 2005 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Ziel der Studie war es, festzustellen, ob eine Assoziation zwischen einem vorbestehenden Schlafapnoesyndrom (SAS) und dem morgendlichen Auftreten des akuten Myokardinfarktes (AMI) besteht.
Patienten und Methode: 203 Patienten nach durchgemachtem AMI wurden am 7.-14. Tag post infarctionem auf das Vorhandensein eines SAS untersucht. Diagnostisches Kriterium für die Diagnose eines SAS war ein Apnoe-Hypopnoe-Index (AHI) > 10/h. Das mittlere Alter der Patienten betrug 62 Jahre; 76 % waren männlich.
Ergebnisse: Bei den AMI-Patienten war bei 91/203 (44 %) ein SAS feststellbar. Im Gesamtkollektiv war ein typischer Morgengipfel des Infarktzeitpunktes erkennbar. Dieser ist ausschließlich durch Patienten mit SAS bedingt (49,5% im Zeitraum 6:00 - 12:00 Uhr), bei Patienten ohne SAS trat kein Morgengipfel auf (21,4 % zwischen 6:00 - 12:00 Uhr). Patienten mit SAS unterschieden sich von Patienten ohne SAS hinsichtlich Tagesmüdigkeit (29,7 %vs 17,0 %), Alter (im Mittel 64,6 vs 60,2 Jahre), männlichem Geschlecht (83,5 % vs 69,9 %) und Nikotinkonsum (33,0 % vs 51,8 %). Bezüglich aller anderen von uns untersuchten Faktoren (BMI, arterieller Hypertonus, Hyperlipoproteinämie, Diabetes mellitus, positive Familienanamnese, kardiovaskuläre Vorerkrankungen, Einnahme von Sedativa) bestanden keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen beiden Kollektiven.
Folgerung: Der Zusammenhang zwischen SAS und morgendlichem Auftreten des AMI könnte durch vermehrte sympathische Aktivierung in Folge der nächtlichen Atemstörung erklärt werden.
Summary
Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between the circadian rhythm of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the morning hours and the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS).
Patients and methods: 203 patients who had sustained an AMI were examined 7 - 14 days later for sleep-associated breathing disorders using a 5-channel recording system. The diagnostic criterion for SAS was > 10 episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour (AHI >10). 76 % of all patients were male, mean age 62 years.
Results: SAS was diagnosed in 91 of the 203 patients (44.8 %). Compared to the 112 patients without SAS there were significantly more AMI in the morning hours (6:00 am to 12:00 am) in the SAS-group (49.5 %) than in the non-SAS-group (21.4 %). The two groups differed with regard to the symptoms of day-time sleepiness (29.7 % vs 17.0 %), age (mean 64.6 years vs 60.2 years), gender (83.5 % vs 69.9 % male) and smoking (33.0 % vs 51.8 %). There were no significant differences in Body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes mellitus, family history, history of cardiovascular disease and taking of sedatives.
Conclusion: The strong association between SAS and morning onset of AMI found in this study could be the result of a sympathetic stress reaction to the breathing disorder.
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Prof. Dr. Thomas von Arnim
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