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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865090
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Aortenklappenstenose im Senium: Diagnostik und therapeutische Strategien
Aortic valve stenosis in the senium: diagnostics and therapeutic strategiesPublication History
eingereicht: 1.12.2004
akzeptiert: 3.3.2005
Publication Date:
18 March 2005 (online)

Das statistische Bundesamt gibt für 2001 die Zahl der über 80-Jährigen in Deutschland mit 3,1 Millionen (4 % der Gesamtbevölkerung), die verbleibende Lebenserwartung der über 80-jährigen Männer mit 7,0 und die der Frauen mit 8,5 Jahren an. Aortenklappenverkalkungen sind bei unter 75-Jährigen in bis zu 20 %, bei über 80-Jährigen in 35 - 50 % und bei über 85-Jährigen in 48 - 75 % nachweisbar [50]. Die Prävalenz einer hämodynamisch bedeutsamen Aortenstenose (Klappenöffnungsfläche < 0,8 cm2) beträgt bei Patienten im 75. Lebensjahr etwa 0,5 %, bei 80-Jährigen 2,6 % und bei 85-Jährigen 5,6 % [30]. Mittels serieller cw-Doppler-Untersuchungen wurden maximale transvalvuläre Flussbeschleunigungen ≥ 2,5 m/s bei 1,3 % der 65- bis 74-Jährigen, bei 2,4 % der 75- bis 84-Jährigen und bei 4 % der über 85-Jährigen dokumentiert [50]. Der Vergleich des Patientenalters zum Zeitpunkt des Klappenersatzes wegen einer Aortenstenose im Zeitraum 1985 - 1989 und 2000 - 2004 belegt im eigenen Zentrum eine erhebliche Zunahme in nur 15 Jahren. In derselben Zeit hat die Häufigkeit eines isolierten Aortenklappenersatzes (AKE) sowie des AKE mit simultaner koronarer Bypassoperation deutlich zugenommen - bei tendenziell sinkender Krankenhausmortalität (Abb. [1]).
Abb. 1 Oben: Jährliche Häufigkeit des isolierten Aortenklappenersatzes (AKE) und Krankenhausmortalität nach AKE (1987 - 2002). Unten: Jährliche Häufigkeit des AKE mit simultaner koronarer Revaskularisationsoperation (ACVB) und Krankenhausmortalität nach AKE + ACVB. Den Zahlen für Deutschland (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie) sind die des eigenen Zentrums gegenübergestellt. HDZ = Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen
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Prof. Dr. med. D. Horstkotte
Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Kardiologische Klinik
Georgstraße 11
32545 Bad Oeynhausen
Phone: 05731/971258
Fax: 05731/972194
Email: akohlstaedt@hdz-nrw.de