Risikofaktoren für die ambulant erworbene Pneumonie (Community Acquired Pneumonia)

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die ambulant erworbene Pneumonie (Community Acquired Pneumonia = CAP) ist in den westlichen Industrieländern die häufigste zum Tode führende Infektionskrankheit. Bislang lagen keine Deutschland-spezifischen Daten zu Inzidenz, Erregerspektrum und Risikofaktoren vor. Diese systematische Übersichtsarbeit betrachtet und beurteilt im internationalen Vergleich vorhandene Studien zu identifizierten Risikofaktoren einer CAP.

Methode: Die Medline Literatursuche umfasste 743 Artikel von 1966 bis Dezember 2003. Zehn publizierte Studien zu Risikofaktoren einer CAP wurden in die abschließende Bewertung eingeschlossen.

Ergebnisse: Alter, Geschlecht, Rauchen und pulmonale Vorerkrankungen konnten als Hauptrisikofaktoren ermittelt werden. Der Einfluss anderer Faktoren, wie Medikamente, Arbeitsstoffe, Alkohol und Sozialstatus, ist weniger gut belegt.

Folgerung: Die verfügbaren Daten zur CAP und deren Risikofaktoren, insbesondere in Deutschland, sind aktuell nicht ausreichend. Zur Verbesserung der Datenlage generiert das 2002 gegründete Kompetenznetzwerk für ambulant erworbene Pneumonie (CAPNETZ) umfassende Daten zur Häufigkeit und zu Risikofaktoren einer CAP.

Summary

Background and objective: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most frequent mortal infectious disease in the western industrial countries. So far no detailed information about incidence, pathogenetic agents, medical service and risk factors existed within Germany. This article reviews international studies, which identified risk factors for CAP.

Method: The MEDLINE database search comprised 743 articles from 1966 to December 2003. Ten published studies analysing risk factors for CAP were included in this study.

Results: Age, gender, smoking and chronic lung diseases ranged among the leading risk factors. Other variables, like medication, dangerous substances, alcohol or sociodemographic factors have so far been insufficiently proved.

Conclusion: Comparable data concerning CAP in Germany are currently inadequate. In order to improve the data situation, in 2002, the Community Acquired Pneumonia NETwork (CAPNET) was established. CAPNET assembles and soon intends to publish detailed information about incidence and risk factors of Community Acquired Pneumonia.

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