Synthesis 2005(4): 509-526  
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-861821
REVIEW
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Synthesis of Modified Purine Nucleosides and Related Compounds Mediated by Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) and Adenylate Deaminase (AMPDA)

Enzo Santaniello*, Pierangela Ciuffreda, Laura Alessandrini
Dipartimento di Scienze Precliniche LITA Vialba, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. B. Grassi, 74 - 20157 Milano, Italy
Fax: +39(02)50319723 ; e-Mail: Enzo.Santaniello@unimi.it;
Further Information

Publication History

Received 1 October 2004
Publication Date:
03 February 2005 (online)

Abstract

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and adenylic acid deaminase (AMPDA) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic deamination of various purine nucleosides. In light of recent reports, ADA and AMPDA may be considered as valuable biocatalysts in nucleoside chemistry. Here, they can find many synthetic applications in the transformation of purine nucleosides that are modified in the base or the ribose moiety. Their use can be extended to carbocyclonucleosides or acyclonucleosides as well.

  • 1 Introduction

  • 2 Structure and Catalytic Mechanism of Purine Nucleoside and Nucleotide Deaminases

  • 2.1 Adenosine Deaminase (ADA)

  • 2.2 Adenylate Deaminase (AMPDA)

  • 3 ADA as Biocatalyst

  • 3.1 Nucleosides with Modifications in the Purine Moiety

  • 3.2 Adenosines with Modifications in the Furanose Moiety

  • 3.3 Nucleosides Modified in the Purine and Furanose Moieties

  • 3.4 Carbocyclonucleosides

  • 3.5 Acyclonucleosides

  • 4 AMPDA as Biocatalyst

  • 4.1 Modified Nucleosides

  • 4.2 Carbocyclic and Acyclic Nucleosides

  • 5 Stereochemical Specificity of Deaminating Enzymes

  • 5.1 Synthetic Nucleosides

  • 5.2 Carbocyclic and Acyclic Nucleosides

  • 5.3 Diastereoselectivity of ADA and AMPDA

  • 6 Concluding Remarks