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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-835270
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Adjuvante Behandlung beim Kolonkarzinom
Resultate und PerspektivenAdjuvant therapy for colon cancerResults and perspectivesPublication History
eingereicht: 5.2.2004
akzeptiert: 22.7.2004
Publication Date:
21 October 2004 (online)

Stand des Wissens
Bei Diagnosestellung sind über zwei Drittel der Kolonkarzinome potenziell kurativ behandelbar, aber nur etwa die Hälfte der Patienten überleben 5 Jahre. Die Prognose wird entscheidend beeinflusst durch das Tumorstadium und die Expertise des Chirurgen [14] [15]. Eine adjuvante Chemotherapie mit 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) verbessert gegenüber alleiniger Chirurgie das Langzeitüberleben signifikant [10] [17] [20] [23] [42] [45]: Die Verminderung der Sterblichkeit beträgt absolut ca. 9 % (5 %-14 %) und relativ ca. 23 % (17 %-40 %). Der Effekt ist stärker im Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum (UICC) Stadium III und für das Stadium II alleine nicht signifikant (Tab. [1]). Dies zeigen auch Ergebnisse einer Metaanalyse [16]. Zahlreiche Studien führten zu einer Optimierung der systemischen Therapie mit 5-FU [12] [25-27] [29] [36] [40] [46] [47] (Tab. [2]). Nationale und internationale Richtlinien empfehlen derzeit ganz überwiegend folgendes Vorgehen [3] [9] [18]:
Eine adjuvante Chemotherapie des komplett resezierten Kolonkarzinoms ist indiziert im Stadium III. Eine adjuvante Chemotherapie ist nicht ausreichend belegt im Stadium II und daher außerhalb klinischer Studien nicht generell empfohlen. In ausgewählten Risikosituationen (z. B. T4-Stadium, Perforation, geringer histologischer Differenzierungsgrad, inadäquate Lymphadenektomie) kann eine adjuvante Chemotherapie auch im UICC-Stadium II erwogen werden. Standard ist eine 5-FU-basierte Chemotherapie über eine Dauer von 6 Monaten. Die älteren Protokolle „Mayo Clinic” und „Roswell Park” verwenden 5-FU intravenös als Bolus. Neuere Protokolle beinhalten infusional gegebenes 5-FU, orale Fluoropyrimidine und die Kombination aus Oxaliplatin plus 5-FU/Folinsäure (Tab. 3). Eine obere Altersgrenze für eine adjuvante Chemotherapie besteht nicht. Es sind allerdings Kontraindikationen der adjuvanten Chemotherapie zu berücksichtigen (Tab. 4). Die Behandlung sollte postoperativ so rasch wie möglich beginnen, in der Regel innerhalb von 6 - 8 Wochen.
Eine Erfassung an 74 deutschen Krankenhäusern zeigte allerdings ein Versorgungsdefizit, denn nur 63,4 % der operierten Patienten mit Kolonkarzinom im Stadium III erhielten eine adjuvante Chemotherapie [11].
Tab. 1 Randomisierte Studien zur adjuvanten Chemotherapie versus alleiniger Chirurgie beim Kolonkarzinom. Studie Patienten(n) Stadium des Kolonkarzinoms (UICC) Chemotherapie-Protokoll 5-Jahres-Überleben* p Therapie Beobachtung NSABP C-01 45 1166 II/III MOF 12 Monate 67 % 60 % 0,05 NCCTG 20 401 II/III 5-FU/LEV 12 Monate 55 % 42 % 0,03* INT-0 035 23 1296 II/III 5-FU/LEV 12 Monate 60 % 47 % 0,007* Siena-Studie 10 239 II/III 5-FU/FS 12 Monate 79 % 65 % 0,0044 Impact 1 17 1526 II/III 5-FU/FS 6 Monate 83 % 78 % 0,029 NCCTG 25 309 II/III 5-FU/FS 6 Monate 74 % 63 % 0,02 NACCP50 42 1029 II/III 5-FU/LEV 12 Monate 65 % 55 % 0,007 *Die Ergebnisse sind nur für Patienten mit UICC Stadium III wiedergegeben. 5-FU = 5-Fluorouracil; FS = Folinsäure; LEV = Levamisol; MOF = Semustin/Vincristin/5-FU
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Dr. Florian Lordick
Tumortherapiezentrum am Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
Ismaninger Straße 22
81675 München
Phone: +49/89/41402095
Fax: +49/89/41404822
Email: f.lordick@lrz.tum.de