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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-37075
Hypoglykämien bei malignem Hämangioperizytom der Leber
Hypoglycemia associated with the production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II by a hemangiopericytomaPublication History
eingereicht: 11.6.2002
akzeptiert: 6.12.2002
Publication Date:
06 February 2003 (online)

Anamnese und klinischer Befund: Eine 77-jährige Patientin wurde mit rezidivierenden symptomatischen Hypoglykämien bei einem unklaren Tumor der Leber stationär aufgenommen. Nach Ausschluss eines Diabetes mellitus, eines Hyperinsulinismus, einer reaktiven Hypoglykämie und einer verminderten hepatischen Glukoneogenese bestand klinisch der Verdacht auf eine extrapankreatische Tumorhypoglykämie (EPTH).
Untersuchungen: Nach 4 - 6-stündiger Nahrungskarenz lagen die Blutzuckerwerte im Serum zwischen 30 und 50 mg/dl. Der Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I im Serum war deutlich erniedrigt, der IGF-II-Wert zeigte sich hochnormal, mit einem auffallend erhöhten Anteil des „big”-IGF-II (34 %). Das IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 war extrem erhöht, während das IGFBP-3 im unteren Normbereich lag. Die histologische Untersuchung des Tumors der Leber ergab ein malignes Hämangioperizytom.
Therapie und Verlauf: Die Patientin wurde symptomatisch mit Glukokortikoiden behandelt und erhielt eine experimentelle Therapie im Rahmen einer klinischen Studie. Neben einer Stabilisierung des Glukosestoffwechsels konnte dadurch ein Stillstand des Tumorwachstums erreicht werden. Laborchemisch zeigte sich ein leichter Anstieg des IGF-I-Wertes. Der IGF-II-Wert und der prozentuale Anteil des „big”-IGF-II blieben konstant. Das vermutlich aus dem Tumor stammende IGFBP-2 war weiterhin angestiegen, während das IGFBP-3 unterhalb des Normbereiches abgefallen war.
Folgerung: Die extrapankreatische Tumorhypoglykämie (EPTH) ist eine seltene Differentialdiagnose rezidivierender Hypoglykämien. Das tumorassoziierte „big”-IGF-II hat aufgrund seiner veränderten Bindungseigenschaften eine höhere Bioverfügbarkeit. Durch eine gesteigerte Glukoseaufnahme in verschiedene Gewebe, bzw. durch Hemmung der hepatischen Glukoneogenese und Lipolyse werden Hypoglykämien induziert. Eine Steroid-Therapie kann bei inoperablen Patienten eine effektive symptomatische Therapiealternative darstellen.
History and admission findings: A seventy-seven year-old woman with an unclear tumor of the liver suffered from recurrent hypoglycemia and was therefore admitted to our hospital. As diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinism and reactive forms of hypoglycemia could be excluded, the presumptive diagnosis was non-islet-cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH).
Investigations: Postprandial glucose levels were normal. Fasting glucose levels were 30 - 50 mg/dl. Plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I was below the normal range, IGF-II was not elevated, although 34 % of plasma IGF-II was present as „big”-IGF-II. IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 was extremely elevated, whereas IGFBP-3 was within the normal range. Histological examinations of the tumor revealed a hemangiopericytoma of the liver.
Treatment and course: After a 2-month treatment with steroids and an experimental antiangiogenetic therapy, the glucose metabolism became stable. The tumour did not grow. Simultaneously, plasma IGF-II and „big”-IGF-II remained constant and plasma IGF-I level improved slightly. IGFBP-2, which is presumable produced by the tumor, increased, IGFBP-3 fell below the normal range.
Conclusion: NICTH is a rare but important differential diagnosis of recurrent hypoglycemia. The tumor derived IGF-II has a higher than normal molecular weight („big”-IGF-II) and shows different interactions with binding proteins, thus resulting in an increased bioavailability. An increased glucose uptake in different tissues as well as inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipolysis lead to severe hypoglycemia. If surgical therapy of the tumor is not possible, symptomatic treatment with steroids may represent an effective alternative to control severe hypoglycemia.
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Dr. med. K. Plikat
Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum
Regensburg
Franz-Joseph Strauss Allee 11
93053
Regensburg
Phone: 0941/9447010
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