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DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-8493
Besonderheiten der koronaren Herzkrankheit in der klinischen Symptomatik und Erstdiagnostik bei Frauen
Publication History
Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)

Grundproblematik und Fragestellung: Trotz zunehmender Morbidität und Mortalität wird bei Frauen die koronare Herzkrankheit klinisch noch immer unterschätzt. Ziel dieser prospektiven Untersuchung war es, die Besonderheiten der koronaren Herzkrankheit in der klinischen Symptomatik und Erstdiagnostik bei Frauen herauszuarbeiten.
Patienten und Methodik: Von Januar 1996 bis August 1998 wurden insgesamt 5000 Patienten (je 2500 Frauen, 2500 Männer, mittleres Alter 61 [39-83] Jahre), die zur ersten invasiven Koronardiagnostik stationär aufgenommen wurden, bezüglich klinisch-anamnestischer Daten, Laborstatus, apparativer Basisdiagnostik, wie Ruhe- und Belastungs-EKG sowie koronarangiographischer Befunde, analysiert.
Ergebnisse: Als klinische Erstsymptomatik wiesen Frauen in 40 % eine typische Angina pectoris gegenüber 57 % der Männer und eine atypische Beschwerdesymptomatik in 48 % gegenüber 24 % der Männer auf. Bei nachgewiesener koronarer Herzkrankheit lag eine typische Angina-pectoris-Symptomatik bei Männern mit 69 % weitaus häufiger als bei Frauen (32 %) vor. Die Dauer der klinischen Beschwerdesymptomatik belief sich bei Frauen auf 68 gegenüber 9 Monaten bei Männern bis zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung, wobei 71 % der Frauen mindestens zwei Fachärzte gegenüber 5 % der Männer aufsuchten. Frauen und Männer mit koronarer Herzkrankheit wiesen eine vergleichbare Zahl an Risikofaktoren auf. Die Belastungs-EKG-Untersuchung wurde bei Frauen in 49 % und bei Männern in 44 % wegen pektanginöser Beschwerden abgebrochen. Frauen mit koronarer Herzkrankheit wiesen in 19 % gegenüber 30 % der Männer eine signifikante ST-Streckensenkung auf. Der positive prädiktive Wert von klinischer Symptomatik und Ergometrie bezüglich einer koronaren Herzkrankheit lag bei Frauen mit 33 % gegenüber Männern mit 85 % unzureichend niedrig.
Folgerungen: Bei Frauen weisen klinische Symptomatik und Belastungs-EKG eine gegenüber Männern weitaus geringere diagnostische Treffsicherheit mit einem sehr niedrigen positiven prädiktiven Wert auf. Trotz normalem Koronarstatus liegt bei Frauen häufig eine typische Angina-pectoris-Symptomatik vor, sodass sensitivere Methoden als das Belastungs-EKG in der Erstdiagnostik von Frauen bei der koronaren Herzkrankheit insbesondere auch bei dem verlängerten diagnostischen Zeitintervall gefordert werden müssen.
Differences in the clinical performance and initial diagnosis in women with suspected coronary artery disease
Background and objective: Although coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, it is still being underestimated in women. This prospective study was undertaken to ascertain special features of the symptoms and in the initial diagnosis of CHD in women.
Patients and methods: Between January 1996 and August 1998, a total of 5000 patients (2500 women, 2500 men; mean age 61 [39-83]) were admitted for their initial invasive investigation of suspected CHD. All data relating to history, laboratory tests, resting and exercise ECG, and coronary angiography were recorded and analysed.
Results: Typical angina pectoris as initial symptom was recorded in 40% of women, 57% of men, atypical symptoms in 48% vs. 24%. Typical angina pectoris in the presence of demonstrated CHD were found in 32% of women, compared with 69% in men. The interval from initial symptoms to established diagnosis was 68 months in women and 9 months in men, 71% of women but only 5% of men having consulted at least two specialists. Both women and men with CHD had comparable risk factors. Anginal symptoms prematurely ended an exercise ECG test in 49% of women and 44% of men. Significant S-T segment changes were noted in 19% of women, 30% of men with CHD. The positive predictive value of clinical symptoms and ergometric results with regard to CHD was much lower in women than in men: 33% vs 85%.
Conclusions: Clinical symptoms and the exercise ECG are much less diagnostically reliable in women than in men and had a very low predictive value. Women often have typical anginal symptoms even in the absence of CHD. They, therefore, require more sensitive methods than the exercise ECG for the initial diagnosis of CHD, especially in the face of prolonged symptom-to-diagnosis intervals.
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Korrespondenz
Dr. med. Dr. med. dent. Christiana Mira Schannwell
Medizinsche Klinik und Poliklinik B Klinik
für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie
Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf
Moorenstraße 5
40225 Düsseldorf
Phone: 0211/81-18800
Fax: 0211/81-19520
Email: schannw@uni-duesseldorf.de