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Synlett 2018; 29(02): 209-214
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1590907
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1590907
letter
Synthesis of Internal Alkynes through an Effective Tandem Elimination–Hydrodebromination–Cross-Coupling of gem-Dibromoalkenes with Halobenzenes
This work was supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2015XKMS048), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20160254), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21572094), and A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
Weitere Informationen
Publikationsverlauf
Received: 17. Juni 2017
Accepted after revision: 24. August 2017
Publikationsdatum:
14. September 2017 (online)
Abstract
Carbon–carbon couplings are among the most important strategies for constructing functional molecules in organic synthetic chemistry, and cheap, diverse, and readily available coupling partners are crucial to these diverse reactions. In this contribution, we report the first palladium-catalyzed C–C cross-coupling reaction of two kinds of organic halide, a gem-dibromoalkene and a halobenzene, as the starting materials. Terminal alkynes were generated in situ through a tandem elimination–hydrodebromination process, and the internal alkyne final products were synthesized in one pot. The reaction proceeded under simple, facile, and classic copper-free Sonogashira coupling reaction conditions in good to excellent yields.
Key words
alkynes - dibromoalkenes - halobenzenes - Sonogashira reaction - palladium catalysis - C–C couplingSupporting Information
- Supporting information for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1590907.
- Supporting Information
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References and Notes
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- 22 Cross-Coupling of gem-Dibromoalkenes with Iodobenzene; General Procedure A mixture of the appropriate gem-dibromoalkene 1 (0.68 mmol), Cs2CO3 (2.4 mmol), and DMSO (2 mL) was stirred at 115 °C for 15 h. When 1 was completely consumed, PhI (0.4 mmol) and Pd/C (5 mol%) were added and the mixture was deaerated with N2 and stirred at 80 °C for 25 h. The mixture was then cooled to r.t., diluted with EtOAc (30 mL), and washed with H2O (3 × 10 mL). The organic phases were combined, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexane). 1,2-Dichloro-4-(phenylethynyl)benzene (3m) White solid; yield: 47.4 mg (48%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.60 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.54–7.48 (m, 2 H), 7.43–7.27 (m, 5 H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 133.1, 132.5, 132.5, 131.6, 130.6, 130.3, 128.7, 128.3, 123.2, 122.4, 91.2, 86.9. HRMS (EI): m/z [M]+ calcd for C14H8Cl2: 246.0003; found: 246.0012.
- 23 Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of gem-Dibromoalkenes 1 with Bromobenzene or 1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene; General Procedure A mixture of the appropriate gem-dibromoalkene 1 (0.68 mmol), Cs2CO3 (2.4 mmol), and DMSO (2 mL) was stirred at 115 °C for 15 h. When the alkene 1 was completely consumed, bromobenzene (4) or 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (5) (0.4 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (5 mol%), and PPh3 (10 mol%) were added and the mixture was deaerated with N2 gas and stirred at 60 °C or 80 °C for 25 h. When the reaction was complete, the product was isolated and purified as described above. 1-Chloro-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl]benzene (3x) Brown solid; yield: 81.5 mg (84%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.50–7.36 (m, 4 H), 7.32–7.25 (m, 2 H), 6.92–6.77 (m, 2 H), 3.83–3.69 (m, 3 H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 160.0, 133.2, 132.8, 131.8, 128.8, 128.5, 122.3, 114.2, 90.5, 87.2, 55.5. HRMS (EI): m/z [M]+ calcd for C15H11ClO: 242.0498; found: 242.0506. Methyl 4-[(4-Chlorophenyl)ethynyl]benzoate (3y) Brown solid; yield: 88.1 mg (82%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 8.10–7.96 (m, 2 H), 7.61–7.50 (m, 2 H), 7.44 (t, J = 13.1 Hz, 2 H), 7.36–7.27 (m, 2 H), 3.98–3.83 (m, 3 H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 166.6, 134.9, 133.0, 131.6, 129.8, 129.7, 128.9, 127.7, 121.3, 91.2, 89.6, 52.3. HRMS (EI): m/z [M]+ calcd for C16H11ClO2 [M]+ 270.0448; found: 270.0459. 1-Fluoro-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl]benzene (3z) Brown solid; yield: 76.8 mg (85%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.53–7.35 (m, 4 H), 7.06–6.95 (m, 2 H), 6.85 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2 H), 3.81 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 3 H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 162.3 (J CF = 249.2 Hz), 159.7, 133.3 (J CF = 7.6 Hz), 133.0, 119.7 (J CF = 3.0 Hz), 115.7, 115.4 (J CF = 22.7 Hz), 114.1, 89.1, 87.0, 55.3.HRMS (EI): m/z [M]+ calcd for C15H11FO: 226.0794; found: 226.0800. Methyl 4-[(4-Fluorophenyl)ethynyl]benzoate (3za) Brown solid; yield: 60.0 mg (59%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 8.01 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2 H), 7.64–7.41 (m, 4 H), 7.05 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2 H), 3.90 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 3 H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 166.5, 162.8 (J CF = 250.7 Hz), 133.7 (J CF = 9.01 Hz), 131.5, 129.6, 128.4, 127.8, 118.8 (J CF = 3.0 Hz), 115.8 (J CF = 22.7 Hz), 91.3, 88.4, 52.2. HRMS (EI): m/z [M]+ calcd for C16H11FO2: 254.0743; found: 254.0750.