Das Dual-Task-Paradigma in der Rehabilitation: Zwei Dinge gleichzeitig tun – kein Problem!?

Zusammenfassung

Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit der geteilten Aufmerksamkeitsleistung und bietet einen Überblick über das Dual-Task-Paradigma. Es werden Modelle zur Dual-Task-Interferenz erklärt und mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf die ­Dual-Task-Leistung diskutiert. Speziell wird auf die Anwendung des Dual-Task-Paradigmas in der Bedingung „Gehen und gleichzeitiges Sprechen“ im Hinblick auf Sturzrisiko und die Bedeutung in der Rehabilitation eingegangen.

Abstract

The following article is concerned with the dual-task performance and provides an overview of the dual-task paradigm. It explains models of dual-task interference and discusses possible factors of influence. In particular, the application of the specific dual-task condition “talking while walking” is discussed with regard to the risk of falls and its importance in rehabilitation.

Schlüsselwörter

Dual Task - Sturzrisiko - Sprechen während des Gehens - Sprachtherapie - Rehabilitation

Key words

dual tasks - risk of falls - talking while walking - speech and language ­therapy - rehabilitation

• Literatur

• 1 Sturm W. Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen. In: Sturm W, Herrmann M, Münte T. Hrsg Lehrbuch der klinischen Neuropsychologie. Grundlagen, Methoden, Diagnostik, Therapie. Heidelberg: Spektrum; 2009: 421-443
• 2 Bahrick HP, Noble MM, Fitts PM. Extra-task performance as a measure of learning a primary task. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1954; 48: 298-302
• 3 Broadbent D. Perception and communication. Oxford: Pergamon; 1958
• 4 Wickens CD. Processing Resources in Attention. In: Parasuraman R, Davies DR. Hrsg Varieties of Attention. New York: Academic Press; 1984: 63-102
• 5 Kahneman D. Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1973
• 6 Tun PA, McCoy S, Wingfield A. Aging, Hearing Acuity, and the Attentional Costs of Effortful Listening. Psychology and Aging 2009; 24: 761-766
• 7 Lin FR, Ferrucci L. Hearing Loss and Falls Among Older Adults in the United States. Archives of Internal Medicine 2012; 172: 369-371
• 8 Norman DA, Bobrow DG. On Data-limited and Resource-limited Processes. Cognitive Psychology 1975; 7: 44-64
• 9 Lundin-Olsson L, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y. “Stops walking when talking” as a predictor of falls in elderly people. The Lancet 1997; 349: 617
• 10 Hyndman D, Ashburn A. “Stops walking when talking” as a predictor of falls in people with stroke living in the community. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2004; 75: 994-997
• 11 Haggard P, Cockburn J, Cock J et al. Interference between gait and cognitive tasks in a rehabilitating neurological population. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2000; 69: 479-486
• 12 Priest AW, Salamon KB, Hollman JH. Age-related differences in dual task walking: a cross sectional study. Journal of Neuro Engineering and Rehabilitation 2008; 5: 1-8
• 13 Bootsma-van der Wiel A, Gussekloo J, de Craen AJM et al. Walking and Talking as Predictors of Falls in the General Population: The Leiden 85-Plus Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2003; 51: 1466-1471
• 14 Hinterberger K. ‘Talking while walking’: Parallelverarbeitung bei Pa­tienten mit zentralen Sprechstörungen. Sprache Stimme Gehör 2011; 35: 34-35
• 15 Pohl PS, Kemper S, Siengsukon CF et al. Older adults with and without stroke reduce cadence to meet the demands of talking. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy 2011; 34: 35-40
• 16 Yorkston KM, Baylor CR, Dietz J et al. Developing a scale of communicative participation: A cognitive interviewing study. Disability and Rehabilitation 2007; : 1-9
• 17 Jansenberger H. Sturzprävention in Therapie und Training. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2011
• 18 Cott CA, Dawson P, Sidani S et al. The Effects of a Walking/Talking Program on Communication, Ambulation, and Functional Status in Residents with Alzheimer Disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 2002; 16: 81-87
• 19 Evans JJ, Greenfield E, Wilson BA et al. Walking and talking therapy: Improving cognitive-motor dual-tasking in neurological illness. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2009; 15: 112-120