N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)–Copper(I) Complexes as Catalysts for A3 
Reactions

References and Notes
1 Current address: Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK.
2 Multicomponent Reactions . Zhu J, Bienaymé H. Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 2005

Some recent reviews on MCR:

6 Nakamura S, Ohara M, Nakamura Y, Shibata N, Toru T. Chem. Eur. J. 2010; 16: 2360
7 Bisai A, Singh VA. Org. Lett. 2006; 8: 2405
8 Knöpfel TF, Aschwanden P, Ichikawa T, Watanabe T, Carreira EM. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004; 43: 5971

9a Heterocyclic Carbenes in Transition Metal Catalysis and Organocatalysis. Cazin CS. J. Springer; London: 2010
9b N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Transition Metal Catalysis. Glorius F. Springer; Berlin: 2007

10 Wang M, Li P, Wang L. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008; 2255
11 Chen M.-T, Landers B, Navarro O. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2012; 10: 2206
12 Landers B, Navarro O. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2012; 2980
13 Citadelle CA, Nouy EL, Bisaro F, Slawin AM. Z. Dalton Trans. 2010; 39: 4489
14 Li Y, Chen X, Song Y, Fanf L, Zou G. Dalton Trans. 2011; 40: 2046
15 Representative Example: 1-(1-Cyclohexyl-3-phenyl-2-propynyl)piperidine (4) ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 0.89–1.11 (m, 2 H), 1.15–1.35 (m, 3 H), 1.45–1.50 (m, 2 H), 1.57–1.72 (m, 6 H), 1.78–1.82 (m, 2 H), 2.05–2.17 (m, 2 H), 2.40–2.46 (m, 2 H), 2.63–2.70 (m, 2 H), 3.13 (d, J = 9.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.29–7.35 (m, 3 H), 7.45–7.48 (m, 2 H). ¹³C{¹H} NMR (75 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 26.7, 26.1, 26.3, 26.8, 30.4, 31.3, 39.6, 64.3, 86.1, 87.7, 123.8, 127.5, 128.1, 131.7.

N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)–Copper(I) Complexes as Catalysts for A³ Reactions