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DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251915
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Lebensbedrohliche Komplikationen von Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa
Eine systematische Auswertung von Intensiv-Aufnahmen über 18 JahreLife-threatening complications of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: a systematic analysis of admissions to an ICU during 18 yearsPublication History
eingereicht: 15.11.2009
akzeptiert: 22.3.2010
Publication Date:
31 March 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Trotz umfangreicher epidemiologischer Daten zu chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) fehlen systematische intensivmedizinische Studien zu lebensbedrohlichen Komplikationen und ihren Ursachen. Ziel unserer Untersuchung war es daher, Risikofaktoren, Verlauf und Prognose von Patienten auf der Intensivstation mit Komplikationen einer CED zu evaluieren.
Patienten und Methodik: Unter insgesamt 6071 Aufnahmen auf eine gastroenterologische Intensivstation (ICU) (Universitätsklinik mit CED-Ambulanz) vom 1.1.1991 bis zum 31.1.2008 wurden 36 Intensiv-Aufnahmen von 28 CED-Patienten erfasst und ab 1996 prospektiv anhand eines strukturierten Auswertungsprotokolls in Bezug auf die Ursache der Intensivaufnahme sowie Risikofaktoren im Hinblick auf Tod, Auftreten von Organversagen und Liegezeit analysiert.
Ergebnisse: Mit 44 % bzw. 22 % waren CED-spezifische Komplikationen (z. B. fulminanter Schub, Perforation, Elektrolyt-Entgleisung) und septische Komplikationen die häufigsten Ursachen der Intensiv-Aufnahme. Thromboembolische Komplikationen lagen in 17 % zugrunde. 5 Patienten starben, alle an septischen Komplikationen unter Immunsuppression (u. a. Candida-Sepsis bzw. Varizellen-Pneumonie unter Infliximab, Pneumocystis-Pneumonie unter Azathioprin). Als prognostisch ungünstig erwiesen sich hohes Alter bei der ICU-Aufnahme und der CED-Erstdiagnose, Vor-Operationen wegen der CED sowie Erkrankung an Morbus Crohn.
Folgerungen: Bei Patienten mit CED können Komplikationen der Grunderkrankung und der Immunsuppression gleichermaßen lebensbedrohend verlaufen. Daher scheint eine bessere Charakterisierung der Patienten, die von einer Mehrfach-Immunsuppression und/oder Antikörper-Therapie profitieren können, sinnvoller als ein unkritischer früher Einsatz dieser Substanzen.
Abstract
Background and objective: Despite numerous publications on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) there is a lack of systematic investigations on live-threatening complications of IBD and their causes. This study evaluates risk factors, course and outcome in intensive-care patients which were related to complications of IBD.
Patients and methods: Among 6071 admissions to the intensive-care unit (ICU) of a gastroenterological department (university hospital with IBD-outpatient unit) between 1.1.1991 and 31.1.2008 36 ICU admissions of 28 patients with IBD were documented and prospectively analysed from 1996 onwards, using a structured questionnaire on causes for ICU admission as well as risk factors regarding death, organ failure and length of ICU stay.
Results: ICU admissions of IBD patients mainly resulted from three causes: complications specific to IBD (44 %), including acute flare-up, perforation and electrolyte imbalance, septic complications (22 %) and thromboembolic complications (17 %). Five patients died, all from septic complications related to immunosuppression including candida sepsis, varicella pneumonia during treatment with infliximab, and pneumocystis pneumonia related to treatment with azathioprine. The most important risk factors according to uni- and multivariate analyses were old age on ICU-admission and first diagnosis of IBD, previous surgery related to IBD and Crohn’s disease.
Conclusions: Complications of both IBD and immunosuppressive therapy may be live-threatening in patients with IBD. Better characterization of patients with a high probability of improved outcome by immunosuppressive and/or antibody-therapy seems to be preferable to noncritical early use of these drugs.
Schlüsselwörter
Morbus Crohn - Colitis ulcerosa - Chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen - Komplikationen - Intensivtherapie
Keywords
Crohn’s disease - ulcerative colitis - inflammatory bowel diseases - complications - intensive care
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PD Dr. med. Wolfgang Huber
II. Medizinische Klinik, Intensivstation 2/11, Klinikum
Rechts der Isar
Ismaningerstr. 22
81675 München
Email: Wolfgang.Huber@lrz.tum.de