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DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1100939
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Das Intervallkarzinom und mögliche Ursachen
Interval colon cancer and possible causesPublication History
eingereicht: 4.7.2008
akzeptiert: 10.10.2008
Publication Date:
12 November 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Als „Intervallkarzinome” werden kolorektale Karzinome bezeichnet, die trotz einer Screening-Koloskopie auftreten. Diese Karzinome sind wahrscheinlich häufiger als vermutet. Sie kommen bei ca. 1 % der Polypektomierten in einem Beobachtungszeitraum von 3 – 5 Jahren vor. Im Wesentlichen gibt es 3 Ursachen für Intervallkarzinome. Die häufigste Ursache (ca. 50 %) ist das Übersehen eines Polyps bei der Koloskopie. Andere Ursachen sind das Wachstum von de-novo-Tumoren im Intervall (ca. 25 %) oder ein Rezidiv nach Polypektomie (ca. 25 %). Bei Kenntnis dieser Ursachen kann die Screening-Strategie optimiert werden. Grundvoraussetzung eines erfolgreichen Screenings ist eine hohe Qualität der Indexkoloskopie. Durch Risikostratifikation bereits bei der Indexkoloskopie kann ein optimaler Zeitpunkt für die Verlaufsuntersuchung bestimmt werden. Das Polypenmanagement sollte engmaschige Kontrollen bei schwierigen Polypektomien umfassen. Serratierte Adenome müssen wie Adenome behandelt werden. Die meisten Intervallkarzinome werden im Rahmen des Screenings in Frühstadien entdeckt, insofern rettet Screening auch bei diesen Patienten Leben.
Summary
Colorectal cancer that occurs during an interval between screening colonoscopies is called „interval carcinoma”. These cancers are more frequent than would be expected, diagnosed in about tow per thousand patient years. There are three main causes for interval carcinomas: 50 % result from failed detection of polyps during colonoscopy, 25 % are tumors that develop during the screening interval and 25 % result from incomplete polypectomy. Knowing these etiologies screening makes it possible to optimize treatment. Colonoscopy of the highest quality is essential for providing reliable screening. Risk stratification during the first colonoscopy allows for optimal timing of follow-up-examinations. Difficult poylpectomies require frequent follow-ups. Serrated adenomas should be treated like adenomas. Interval carcinomas are often detected during screening at an early stage: colonoscopy screening can save life of these patients.
Schlüsselwörter
Kolonkarzinom - Screening - Koloskopie
Keywords
colon carcinoma - screening - colonoscopy
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Dr. Matthias Bechtler
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