Ethyl 3-Ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate Hydrochloride: A Versatile Precursor for Generating Next-Generation Energetic Materials

Abstract

The construction of nitrogen-rich heterocycles is a cornerstone in developing high-energy-density materials (HEDMs). Ethyl 3-ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate hydrochloride (EEIP·HCl) has proven to be a particularly powerful precursor, offering a reliable and versatile route to make several nitrogen-rich frameworks. Its ability to streamline ring formation has enabled the synthesis of high-performing energetic compounds with desirable densities, stabilities, and detonation properties. This article reviews EEIP-mediated cyclizations in energetic materials, underscoring its exceptional synthetic utility, broad structural scope, and growing role in advancing next-generation, environmentally sustainable explosives.

Keywords

Ethyl 3-ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate - Polynitro compounds - Triazoles - Oxadiazole - Energetic materials

Data availability statement

No primary research results, software, or code have been included, and no new data were generated or analysed as part of this article.

Publication History

Received: 05 October 2025

Accepted after revision: 31 October 2025

Accepted Manuscript online:
31 October 2025

Article published online:
27 November 2025

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