Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-868500
Synthesis of Stable Carbohydrate Mimetics as Potential Glycotherapeutics
Publication History
Publication Date:
29 April 2005 (online)

Abstract
The synthesis of a variety of stable carbohydrate mimetics using a RCM approach is discussed. An esterification-RCM approach has been utilized for the preparation of a variety of alkyl, aryl β-C-glycosides as well as a number of β-C-saccharides.
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of β-C-Glycoconjugates
3 Synthesis of β-C-Glycoglycerolipids
4 Synthesis of a β-C-Ceramide Analog
5 Synthesis of (1→6)-β-C-Disaccharides
6 Synthesis of Differentially Linked β-C-Disaccharides
7 Synthesis of β-C-Trisaccharides
8 Conclusion
Key words
carbohydrate mimetics - ring-closing metathesis - β-C-glycosides
- For reviews on C-glycoside synthesis, see:
- 3a
Du Y.Linhardt RJ.Vlahov IR. Tetrahedron 1998, 54: 9913 - 3b
Beau J.-M.Gallagher T. Top. Curr. Chem. 1997, 187: 1 - 3c
Nicotra F. Top. Curr. Chem. 1997, 187: 55 - 3d
Togo H.He W.Waki Y.Yokoyama M. Synlett 1998, 700 - 3e
Levy DE.Tang C. The Chemistry of C-Glycosides 1st ed., Vol. 13: Elsevier Science; Oxford: 1995. - 3f
Herscovici J.Antonakis K. In Studies in Natural Product Chemistry, Stereoselective Synthesis Vol. 10:Rahman AU. Elsevier Science; Oxford: 1992. p.337-403 - 3g
Postema MHD. Tetrahedron 1992, 48: 8545 - 4
Postema MHD. Tetrahedron 1992, 48: 8545 - 5
Postema MHD. C-Glycoside Synthesis 1st ed.: CRC Press; Boca Raton: 1995. p.379 - 6
Postema MHD.Calimente D. In Glycochemistry: Principles, Synthesis and ApplicationsWang PG.Bertozzi C. Marcel Dekker; New York: 2000. p.77-131 - 7
Liu L.McKee M.Postema MHD. Curr. Org. Chem. 2001, 5: 1133 - 8a
Schrock RR.Murdzek JS.Bazan GC.Robbins J.DiMare M.O’Regan M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112: 3875 - 8b
Feldman J.Murdzek JS.Davis WM.Schrock RR. Organometallics 1989, 8: 2260 - 9
Scholl M.Ding S.Lee CW.Grubbs RH. Org. Lett. 1999, 1: 953 - 10
Postema MHD.Calimente D. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64: 1770 - For examples of enol ether-olefin metathesis reactions, see:
- 11a
Nicolaou KC.Postema MHD.Claiborne CF. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118: 1565 - 11b
Nicolaou KC.Postema MHD.Yue EW.Nadin A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118: 10335 - 11c
Clark JS.Kettle JG. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 123 - 11d
Rainier JD.Allwein SP. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63: 5310 - 11e
Sturino CF.Wong JCY. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39: 9623 - 11f
Oishi T.Nagumo Y.Shoji M.Le Brazidec J.-Y.Uehara H.Hirama M. Chem. Commun. 1999, 2035 - 12
Postema MHD.Piper JL.Liu L.Shen J.Faust M.Andreana P. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68: 4748 - 13
Takai K.Kakiuchi T.Kataoka Y.Utimoto K. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59: 2668 - For recent reviews on olefin metathesis chemistry, see:
- 14a
Grubbs RH.Chang S. Tetrahedron 1998, 54: 4413 - 14b
Ivin KJ. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 1998, 133: 1 - 14c
Randall ML.Snapper ML. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 1998, 133: 29 - 14d
Armstrong SK. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1998, 371 - 14e
Schuster M.Blechert S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36: 2036 - 14f
Fürstner A. Top. Catal. 1997, 4: 285 - 14g
Grubbs RH.Miller SJ.Fu GC. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28: 446 - 14h
Schmalz H.-G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34: 1833 - 15a
Hanessian S.Martin M.Desai RC. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1986, 926 - 15b
Schmidt RR.Preuss R.Betz R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28: 6591 - 16
Postema MHD.Piper JL. Org. Lett. 2003, 5: 1721 - For previous syntheses of such compounds, see:
- 17a
Cipolla L.Nicotra F.Vismara E.Guerrini M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53: 6163 - 17b
Gurjar MK.Reddy R. Carbohydr. Lett. 1997, 2: 293 - 17c
Dodoni A.Perrone D.Turturici E. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64: 5557 - 17d
Yang G.Franck RW.Byun H.-S.Bittman R.Samadder P.Arthur G. Org. Lett. 1999, 1: 2149 - 17e
Yang G.Franck RW.Bittman R.Samadder P.Arthur G. Org. Lett. 2001, 3: 197 - 18
Postema MHD.Piper JL.Betts RL.Valeriote FA.Pietraszkewicz H. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70: 829 - 19
Nagatsu A.Watanabe M.Ikemoto K.Hashimoto M.Murakami N.Sakakibara J.Tokuda H.Nishino H.Iwashima A.Yazawa K. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1994, 4: 1619 - 20
Valeriote FA.Grieshaber CK.Media J.Pietraszkiewicz H.Hoffmann J.Pan M.McLaughlin S. J. Exp. Ther. Oncol. 2002, 7: 228 - 21
Shirahashi H.Murakami N.Watanabe M.Nagatsu A.Sakakibara J.Tokuda H.Nishino H.Iwashima A. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1993, 41: 1664 - 22
Postema MHD.Chaulagain M.Valeriote FV.Pietraszkiewicz H. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45: 7791 - 23
Morita M.Motoki K.Akimoto K.Natori T.Sakai T.Sawa E.Yamaji K.Koezuka Y.Kobayashi E.Fukushima H. J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38: 2176 - 24
Natori T.Morita M.Akimoto K.Koezuka Y. Tetrahedron 1994, 50: 2771 - 25
Motoki K.Kobayashi E.Uchida T.Fukushima H.Koezuka Y. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1995, 5: 705 - 26
Kobayashi E.Motoki K.Yamaguchi Y.Uchida T.Fukushima H.Koezuka Y. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 1996, 4: 615 - 27
Shimosaka A. Int. J. Hematol. 2002, 76: 277 ; and references cited therein - 28
Karin M.Yamamoto Y.Wang QM. Nature 2004, 3: 17 - 29
Espinosa JF.Montero E.Vian A.Garcia JL.Dietrich H.Schmidt RR.Martín-Lomas M.Imberty A.Cañada FJ.Jiménez-Barbero J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120: 1309 ; and references cited therein - For previous approaches to the synthesis of 1,6-linked-C-disaccharides, see:
- 30a
Griffin FK.Paterson DE.Taylor RJK. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38: 2939 - 30b
Leeuwenburgh MA.Timmers CM.van der Marel GA.van Boom JH.Mallet JM.Sinaӱ P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 6251 - 30c
Dondoni A.Zuurmond H.Boscarato A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62: 8114 - 30d
Kobertz WK.Bertozzi CR.Bednarski MD. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61: 1894 - 30e
Armstrong RW.Sutherlin DP. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35: 7743 - 30f
Martin OR.Lai W. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58: 176 - 30g
Martin OR.Xie F.Kakarla R.Benhamza R. Synlett 1993, 165 - 30h
Baumberger F.Vasella A. Helv. Chim. Acta 1983, 66: 2210 - 30i
Rouzaud D.Sinaӱ P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1983, 1353 - 31
Postema MHD.Calimente D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 4755 - 32
Postema MHD.Calimente D.Liu L.Behrmann TL. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65: 6061 - For some synthetic approaches to C-disaccharides, see:
- 33a
Postema MHD.Calimente D.Liu L.Behrmann TL. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65: 6061 - 33b
Griffin FK.Paterson DE.Taylor RJK. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38: 2939 - 33c
Khan N.Cheng X.Mootoo DR. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121: 4918 - 33d
Leeuwenburgh MA.Timmers CM.van der Marel G.van Boom JH.Mallet JM.Sinaӱ P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 6251 - 33e
Dondoni A.Zuurmond H.Boscarato A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62: 8114 - 33f
Mallet A.Mallet J.-M.Sinay P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5: 2593 - 33g
Sutherlin DP.Armstrong RW. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62: 5267 - 33h
Martin OR.Lai W. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58: 176 - 34
Keck GE.Enholm EJ.Yates JB.Wiley MR. Tetrahedron 1985, 41: 4079 - 35
Liu L.Postema MHD. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123: 8602 - 36 This motif is present in certain natural products, see:
Zheng W.DeMattei JA.Wu JP.Duan JJ.-W.Cook LR.Oinuma H.Kishi Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118: 7946 - 37
Nicolaou KC.Postema MHD.Yue EW.Nadin A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118: 10335 - For some recent synthetic approaches to C-trisaccharides, see:
- 38a
Dondoni A.Marra A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44: 4067 - 38b
Mikkelsen LM.Krintel SL.Jimenez-Barbero J.Skrydstrup T. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67: 6297 - 38c
Sutherlin DP.Armstrong RW. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62: 5267 - 38d
Sutherlin DP.Armstrong RW. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118: 9802 - 39
Postema MHD.Piper JL.Lei L.Komanduri V. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43: 1608 - For examples of double RCM reactions, see:
- 40a
Grubbs RH.Fu GC. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114: 7324 - 40b
Wallace DJ.Bulger PG.Kennedy DJ.Ashwood MS.Cottrell IF.Dolling U.-H. Synlett 2001, 357 - 40c
Wallace DJ.Cowden CJ.Kennedy DJ.Ashwood MS.Cottrell IF.Dolling U.-H. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 2027 - 40d
Schmidt B.Wildemann H. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 2000, 2916 - 40e
Clark JS.Hamelin O. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39: 372 ; Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, 380, and references cited therein - No other syntheses of branched β-C-tetrasaccharides have appeared, but the synthesis of linear β-C-tetrasaccharides and β-C-pentasaccharides is known:
- 41a
Dondoni A.Marra A.Mizuno M.Giovannini PP. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67: 4186 - 41b
Xin Y.-C.Zhang Y.-M.Mallet J.-M.Glaudemans CPJ.Sinaӱ P. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 471 - 42
Piper JL.Postema MHD. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69: 7395
References
Present address: Eisai Research Institute, 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA, 01810, USA; maarten_postema@eri.eisai.com.
2Present address: Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, BCC-405 Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.