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DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-33635
Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Lithiated Epoxides
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
05. September 2002 (online)

Abstract
Although the lithium base-induced β-elimination of epoxides to allylic alcohols is a well-known reaction, α-lithiation has also been described many times. The resulting lithiated epoxides, first postulated as intermediates by Cope in 1951, have been invoked in a wide range of reactions, with their carbenoid properties allowing for very different reactivities. This review covers the recent advances (˜1996 - mid 2002) in the rich chemistry of these main-group metal carbenoids, especially their generation by enantioselective α-deprotonation.
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            1 Introduction 
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            2 Carbenoid Chemistry of Lithiated Epoxides: C-H Insertion and 1,2-Shifts 
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            2.1 Transannular C-H Insertion 
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            2.2 Transannular Rearrangement versus 1,2-Shift of Hydrogen 
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            2.3 1,2-Shifts 
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            2.4 Cyclopropanations 
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            3 Carbenoid Chemitry of Lithiated Epoxides: Reductive Alkylation 
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            3.1 Olefin Formation: Allylic Alcohols via Reductive Alkylation 
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            3.2 Olefin Formation versus C-H Insertion 
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            3.3 Olefin Formation versus Electrophile Trapping 
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            4 Electrophile Trapping of Lithiated Epoxides 
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            4.1 Lithiated Epoxides Bearing Anion Stabilising Groups 
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            4.1.1 Transmetallation of Stabilised Lithiated Epoxides 
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            4.1.2 Sulfonyl-stabilised Lithiated Epoxides 
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            4.1.3 Carbonyl-stabilised Lithiated Epoxides 
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            4.1.4 Oxazolinyl-stabilised Lithiated Epoxides 
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            4.1.5 Imine-substituted Lithiated Epoxides 
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            4.1.6 Trifluoromethyl-substituted Lithiated Epoxides 
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            4.1.7 Silyl-stabilised Lithiated Epoxides in Synthesis 
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            4.1.8 Phenyl-stabilised Lithiated Epoxide 
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            4.2 ‘Remote’ Stabilisation of a Lithiated Epoxide 
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            4.3 Generation of Non-stabilised and Destabilised Lithiated Epoxides 
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            4.3.1 Desulfinylation of Sulfinyloxiranes 
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            4.3.2 Deprotonation of ‘Simple’ Epoxides 
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            5 Concluding Remarks 
Key words
asymmetric synthesis - carbanions - carbenoids - epoxides - rearrangements
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