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Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2016; 141(2): 126-131
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-106313
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© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Häufiger Konsum von nicht-medizinischem Cannabis

Gesundheitliche Folgen und Wirkung der EntzugsbehandlungFrequent non-medical cannabis use: health sequelae and effectiveness of detoxification treatment
Udo Bonnet
1   Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik im Evangelischen Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Duisburg-Essen, D-44577 Castrop-Rauxel
,
Michael Specka
2   Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin im LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen
,
Norbert Scherbaum
2   Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin im LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen
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Publication Date:
22 January 2016 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Der nicht-medizinische Cannabiskonsum (Freizeitkonsum) ist besonders unter den jungen Erwachsenen weit verbreitet. Vor dem Hintergrund der laufenden Legalisierungsdebatte sollen körperliche und psychosoziale Begleitbeschwerden des regelmäßigen nicht-medizinischen Cannabiskonsums betrachtet werden. Die gesundheitlichen Folgen erscheinen umso ausgeprägter, je früher der regelmäßige Cannabiskonsum in der Individualentwicklung begonnen hat. Cannabiskonsumenten nehmen zunehmend medizinische Hilfen in Anspruch. Körperliche Begleitbeschwerden wie chronische Bronchitis, zyklische Hyperemesis und Fertilitätsstörungen sind in der Regel reversibel. Auch die oft stark beeinträchtigenden psychischen und kognitiven Begleitbeschwerden reagieren mit hohen Effektstärken (Cohen’s d 0,7 –1,4) auf eine stationäre qualifizierte Entgiftung. Die Schwere der Cannabisabhängigkeit profitiert nachhaltig von psychotherapeutischen und psychosozialen Verfahren (Cohen’s d 0,5–1,2). Aktuell wird das Gesundheitsrisiko durch nicht-medizinisches Cannabis von Suchtexperten deutlich hinter dem durch Tabak oder Alkohol eingeordnet.

Abstract

The non-medical (recreational) use of cannabis is common particularly among young adults. In light of the ongoing legalization debate the clinical impact of physical and psychosocial consequences of regular recreational cannabis consumption should be presented. Health consequences appear to be more pronounced the earlier the regular recreational cannabis use had been started in the individual’s development. There is an increasing demand from recreational cannabis users for medical treatment of cannabis-related complaints including the cannabis withdrawal syndrome. Physical sequelae such as chronic bronchitis, cyclical hyperemesis and fertility problems are usually reversible along with abstinence. The often debilitating cannabis-related mental and cognitive complaints respond on a qualified inpatient detoxification treatment with high effect sizes (Cohen’s d 0.7 –1.4). The severity of the cannabis addiction benefits sustainably from psychotherapeutic approaches and individual psychosocial counseling (Cohen’s d 0,5–1,2). Currently, the actual health hazard of recreational cannabis use was evaluated by addiction experts to be significantly lower than that of tobacco or alcohol use.

Schlüsselwörter

Cannabis - körperliche Beschwerden - psychosoziale Beschwerden - Entgiftungsbehandlung

Keywords

recreational cannabis - physical harm - psychosocial harm - detoxification treatment

Supporting Information

 

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