Abstract
Background The potential benefit of mobile health (M-Health) in developing countries for improving
the efficiency of health care service delivery, health care quality, and patient safety,
as well as reducing cost, has been increasingly recognized and emphasized in the last
few years.
Objective Limited research has investigated the facilitators and barriers for the adoption
of M-Health in developing countries to secure successful implementation of the technology.
To fill this knowledge gap, we propose an integrative model that explains the patient's
adoption behavior of M-Health in developing countries grounded on the unified theory
of acceptance and use of technology, dual-factor model, and health belief model.
Method We empirically tested and evaluated the model based on data collected using a survey
method from 280 patients living in a developing country. Partial least squares (PLS-SEM)
technique was used for data analysis.
Results The results showed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence,
perceived health threat, M-Health app quality, and life quality expectancy have a
direct positive effect on patients’ intention to use M-Health. The results also showed
that security and privacy risks have a direct negative effect on the patient's intention
to use M-Health. However, resistance to change was found to have an indirect negative
effect on patients’ intention to use M-Health through the performance expectancy.
Conclusion The research contributes to the existing literature of health information systems
and M-Health by better understanding how technological, social, and functional factors
are associated with digital health applications and services use and success in the
context of developing countries. With the widespread availability of mobile technologies
and services and the growing demand for M-Health apps, this research can help guide
the development of the next generation of M-Health apps with a focus on the needs
of patients in developing countries. The research has several theoretical and practical
implications for the health care industry, government, policy makers, and technology
developers and designers.
Keywords M-Health - technology acceptance - UTAUT - dual-factor model - health belief model
- M-Health in developing countries
