Acyl Radical Chemistry via Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis

^‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Visible-light photoredox catalysis enables easy access to acyl radicals under mild reaction conditions. Reactive acyl radicals, generated from various acyl precursors such as aldehydes, α-keto acids, carboxylic acids, anhydrides, acyl thioesters, acyl chlorides, or acyl silanes, can undergo a diverse range of synthetically useful transformations, which were previously difficult or inaccessible. This review summarizes the recent progress on visible-light-driven acyl radical generation using transition-metal photoredox catalysts, metallaphotocatalysts, hypervalent iodine catalysts or organic photocatalysts.

1 Introduction

2 The Scope of This Review

3 Aldehydes as a Source of Acyl Radicals

4 α-Keto Acids as a Source of Acyl Radicals

5 Carboxylic Acids as a Source of Acyl Radicals

6 Anhydrides as a Source of Acyl Radicals

7 Acyl Thioesters as a Source of Acyl Radicals

8 Acyl Chlorides as a Source of Acyl Radicals

9 Acyl Silanes as a Source of Acyl Radicals

10 Conclusions and Future Outlook

Key words

acylation - photoredox catalysis - acyl radicals - visible light - single-electron transfer - oxidation - reduction - cross-coupling

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