Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Functionalizations Mediated by Copper

Abstract

Direct carbon–hydrogen bond functionalization has attracted considerable attention and plays a key role in organic transformations. Currently, copper is showing great potential as a catalyst in C–H bond-functionalization reactions because of its low cost and unique reactivity. This review summarizes the recent advances in copper-catalyzed C–H bond functionalizations from carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom (O, N and S) bond-forming reactions through activation of C–H bonds.

1 Introduction

2 Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation

2.1 C_sp–H Bond Functionalization

2.2 C_sp2–H Bond Functionalization

2.3 C_sp3–H Bond Functionalization

3 Carbon–Heteroatom Bond Formation

3.1 Carbon–Oxygen Bond Formation

3.2 Carbon–Nitrogen Bond Formation

3.3 Carbon–Sulfur Bond Formation

4 Conclusion

Key words

C–H bond activation - functionalization - carbon–carbon bond formation - carbon–heteroatom bond formation - copper catalysts

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