DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1289296
[2.2]Paracyclophane Derivatives: Synthesis and Application in Catalysis
Publication History
Publication Date:
19 October 2011 (eFirst)

Abstract
Advances in the field of [2.2]paracyclophane chemistry are reviewed including syntheses, resolution of enantiomers and application in organic synthesis. Transition-metal catalyzed as well as organocatalytic transformations are presented focusing on the development of [2.2]paracyclophane derived ligands and catalysts.
1 Introduction
2 [2.2]Paracyclophane Syntheses
3 Ligand Design on the Basis of [2.2]Paracyclophane
4 Application in Asymmetric Catalysis
4.1 Addition of Organozinc Reagents to Carbonyl Compounds
4.2 Application of [2.2]Paracyclophane-Derived Phosphines
4.2.1 Hydrogenation Reactions
4.2.2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-C and C-X Bond Formation Employing Planar-Chiral Phosphines
4.2.3 Planar-Chiral Carbenes
4.2.4 [2.2]Paracyclophanes in Organocatalysis
5 Summary
Key words
[2.2]paracyclophane - catalyst - asymmetric synthesis - phosphine - carbine - hydrogen bond - hydrogenation - cross-coupling