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Synthesis
DOI: 10.1055/a-2773-5408
DOI: 10.1055/a-2773-5408
Paper
Published as part of the Special Issue dedicated to Prof. Franziska Schoenebeck, recipient
of the 2025 Dr. Margaret Faul Women in Chemistry Award
Photoinduced Charge-Transfer Complex Enables ortho-Fluorobenzamide C–F Bond Activation in Isoindolinone Synthesis
Authors
Supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2024QB080), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22571293) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS2023014).
Supported by: National Natural Science Foundation of China 22571293
Supported by: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Supported by: University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences BNLMS2023014
Abstract
Photoinduced reactions of o-iodo, o-bromo, and o-chlorobenzamides have been well-established for the synthesis of isoindolinones; however, the corresponding fluorinated substrates remain underexplored. Herein, we report the photoactivation of fluorobenzamides via a novel charge-transfer complex (CTC) pathway, enabling the efficient synthesis of isoindolinone derivatives. Central to this approach is the formation of a CTC between the tBuOK/DMSO anion and fluorobenzamides under light irradiation. This method is operationally simple, mild, and provides a practical route for accessing isoindolinones.
Keywords
Charge-transfer complex - Visible light - C–F bond activation - Isoindolinones - FluorobenzamidesPublication History
Received: 24 September 2025
Accepted after revision: 10 December 2025
Article published online:
02 January 2026
© 2026. Thieme. All rights reserved.
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