Rheumatologische Autoimmundiagnostik

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Paradigmenwechsel in der Klassifikation des systemischen Lupus erythematodes Der Nachweis der antinukleären Antikörper oberhalb des Grenzwerts ist Eingangskriterium für die Klassifikation des SLE. Diese Klassifikation beinhaltet 10 unterschiedliche Domänen mit unterschiedlicher Wertigkeit, wobei 10 Punkte für die SLE-Klassifikation erforderlich sind.

Antiphospholipidsyndrom Aktuelle Empfehlungen zum Antiphospholipidsyndrom differenzieren serologisch ein Hochrisiko- (u. a. triple-positiv, Nachweis des Lupus-Antikoagulans) und Niedrigrisiko-Profil (isolierte Anti-Cardiolipin- oder -beta-2-Glykoprotein-I-Antikörper) und begründen damit z. T. Prophylaxe- und Therapieempfehlungen nach arteriellen und venösen Verschlüssen sowie geburtshilflichen APS-Komplikationen.

Abstract

Recent advances in rheumatology indicate increased relevance of autoantibodies. In this regard, positive ANA are now required as entrance criterium for the first EULAR/ACR classification criteria of SLE. Importantly, ANA diagnostic with detection of isolated anti-dense fine speckled antibodies (DSF-70) need consideration since their unique detection has been identified to exclude largely an autoimmune disease. Thus, highly qualified ANA diagnostic preferably on Hep-2 cell lines is a prerequisite of reliable diagnostics.

Recent recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome define high versus low risk seroprofiles which also guide primary and secondary prophylaxis. Importantly triple positive APS patients (positive for anticradiolipin, anti-ß2 GP I positive and carrying lupus anticoagulant) should be treated with vitamin K antagonists while direct oral anticoagulants have been shown to be inferior in terms of risk/benefit. Treatment of obstetric APS is mainly based on low dose aspirin and low molecular heparin. Notably, this treatment should be maintained for 6 weeks after delivery. Thus, serologic findings provide the basis for certain key clinical decisions and require their reliable detection.

Schlüsselwörter

systemischer Lupus erythematodes - Antiphospholipidsyndrom - Autoantikörper - Autoimmunität - ANA - Lupus-Antikoagulans

Key words

systemic lupus erythematosus - antiphospholipid syndrome - autoantibodies - autoimmunity - ANA - lupus anticoagulant

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