Indium in Organic Synthesis

Joachim Podlech; Thomas C. Maier

doi:10.1055/s-2003-38064

Subscribe to RSS

Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.

https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000084.xml

Share / Bookmark

Facebook X Linkedin Weibo

Download PDF

Synthesis 2003(5): 0633-0655
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-38064

REVIEW

Indium in Organic Synthesis

Joachim Podlech*, Thomas C. Maier
Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Fax: +49(711)6854269; e-Mail: joachim.podlech@po.uni-stuttgart.de;

Further Information

Publication History

Received 20 January 2003
Publication Date:
21 March 2003 (online)

Abstract
Full Text
References

Permissions and Reprints All articles of this category

Abstract

The various applications of indium in organic synthesis are highlighted in this review. Major fields are Barbier-type reactions, especially allyl additions to carbonyl compounds, and Reformatsky reactions. Special emphasis is placed on reactions, which have been examined only recently, i.e. reductions of various functionalities, indium-catalyzed reactions and palladium/indium-mediated reactions.

1 Introduction
2 Barbier-Type Reactions
2.1 Indium-Mediated Additions to Aldehydes and Ketones
2.2 The Role of the Allyl Halide
2.3 Diastereoselectivity
2.4 Regioselectivity
2.5 Enantioselectivity
2.6 Indium-Mediated Additions to Further Carbonyl Derivatives
2.7 Indium-Mediated Additions to C-C Multiple Bonds
2.8 Reaction of Non-Allylic Substrates in Barbier-Type Reactions
3 Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions and Cross-Couplings of Indium Intermediates
4 Reformatsky-Type Reactions
5 Indium-Catalyzed Reactions
6 Nucleophilic Substitutions Using Intermediate Allylindium Compounds
7 Allylindium Reagents
8 Indium-Mediated Reductions
8.1 Reduction and Deoxygenation of N-Containing Functionalities
8.2 Reductive Dehalogenations
8.3 Reduction of Carbonyl Groups
8.4 Miscellaneous Reductions
9 Conclusion

Key Words

indium - allyl addition - Barbier reaction - Reformatsky reaction - reductions

References

1 Cintas P. Synlett 1995, 1087

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
2 Araki S. Ito H. Butsugan Y. J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53: 1831

Crossref Google Scholar
3 Chan TH. Li C.-J. Lee MC. Wei ZY. Can. J. Chem. 1994, 72: 1181

Crossref Google Scholar
4 Li C.-J. Tetrahedron 1996, 52: 5643

Crossref Google Scholar
5 Li C.-J. Chan T.-H. Organic Reactions in Aqueous Media Wiley-Interscience; New York: 1997.

Google Scholar
6 Marshall JA. Chemtracts Org. Chem. 1997, 10: 481

Google Scholar
7 Hashmi ASK. J. Prakt. Chem. 1998, 340: 84

Crossref Google Scholar
8 Paquette LA. In Green Chemistry. Frontiers in Benign Chemical Syntheses and Processes Anastas PT. Williamson TC. Oxford University Press; Oxford: 1998. p.250

Google Scholar
9 Lubineau A. Augé J. Queneau Y. In Organic Synthesis in Water Grieco PA. Blackie Academic; London: 1998. p.102

Google Scholar
10 Lainé D. Synlett 1999, 1331

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
11 Chauhan KK. Frost CG. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 2000, 3015

Crossref Google Scholar
12 Ranu BC. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 2347

Crossref Google Scholar
13 Li CJ. Chan TH. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32: 7017

Crossref Google Scholar
14 Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solution Bard AJ. Parsons R. Jordan J. Marcel Dekker; New York: 1985.

Google Scholar
15 Weidlein J. In Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry In Organoindium Compounds 1 Petz W. Springer; Berlin: 1991. 8th Ed.

Google Scholar
16 Barbier P. C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 1898, 128: 110

Google Scholar
17 Crestia D. Guérard C. Veschambre H. Hecquet L. Demuynck C. Bolte J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2001, 12: 869

Crossref Google Scholar
18 Reetz MT. Haning H. J. Organomet. Chem. 1997, 541: 117

Crossref Google Scholar
19 Loh T.-P. Ho DS.-C. Chua G.-L. Sim K.-Y. Synlett 1997, 563

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
20 Carda M. Castillo E. Rodríguez S. Murga J. Marco JA. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9: 1117

Crossref Google Scholar
21 Loh T.-P. Huang J.-M. Xu K.-C. Goh S.-H. Vittal JJ. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 6511

Crossref Google Scholar
22 Nair V. Jayan CN. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 1091

Crossref Google Scholar
23 Kang S.-K. Baik T.-G. Jiao X.-H. Synth. Commun. 2002, 32: 75

Crossref Google Scholar
24 Li C.-J. Lu Y.-Q. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36: 2721

Crossref Google Scholar
25 Lee PH. Lee K. Chang S. Synth. Commun. 2001, 31: 3189

Crossref Google Scholar
26 Yi X.-H. Haberman JX. Li C.-J. Synth. Commun. 1998, 28: 2999

Crossref Google Scholar
27 Isaac MB. Chan T.-H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36: 8957

Crossref Google Scholar
28 Diana S.-CH. Sim K.-Y. Loh T.-P. Synlett 1996, 263

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
29 Kumar S. Kaur P. Chimni SS. Synlett 2002, 573

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
30 Cha JH. Pae AN. Choi KII. Cho YS. Koh HY. Lee E. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 2001, 2079

Crossref Google Scholar
31 Paquette LA. Bennett GD. Isaac MB. Chhatriwalla A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63: 1836

Crossref Google Scholar
32 Isaac MB. Paquette LA. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62: 5333

Crossref Google Scholar
33 Loh T.-P. Hu Q.-Y. Vittal JJ. Synlett 2000, 523

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
34 Méndez-Andino J. Paquette LA. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2002, 344: 303

Crossref Google Scholar
35 Paquette LA. Mitzel TM. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61: 8799

Crossref Google Scholar
36 Maguire RJ. Mulzer J. Bats JW. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61: 6936

Google Scholar
37 Khan FA. Prabhudas B. Tetrahedron 2000, 56: 7595

Crossref Google Scholar
38 Loh T.-P. Li X.-R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 869

Crossref Google Scholar
39 Li C.-J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36: 517

Crossref Google Scholar
40 Choudhury PK. Foubelo F. Yus M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39: 3581

Crossref Google Scholar
41 Kirihara M. Takuwa T. Takizawa S. Momose T. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 2853

Crossref Google Scholar
42 Araki S. Hirashita T. Shimizu H. Yamamura H. Kawai M. Butsugan Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37: 8417

Crossref Google Scholar
43 Bardot V. Remuson R. Gelas-Mialhe Y. Gramain J.-C. Synlett 1996, 37

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
44 Canac Y. Levoirier E. Lubineau A. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66: 3206

Crossref PubMed Google Scholar
45 Lubineau A. Canac Y. Le Goff N. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2002, 344: 319

Crossref Google Scholar
46 Li C.-J. Chen D.-L. Lu Y.-Q. Haberman JX. Mague JT. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118: 4216

Crossref Google Scholar
47 Bryan VJ. Chan T.-H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37: 5341

Crossref Google Scholar
48 Cavallaro CL. Herpin T. McGuinness BF. Shimshock YC. Dolle RE. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 2711

Crossref Google Scholar
49 Paquette LA. Mitzel TM. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36: 6863

Crossref Google Scholar
50 Paquette LA. Mitzel TM. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118: 1931

Crossref Google Scholar
51 Paquette LA. Mitzel TM. Isaac MB. Crasto CF. Schomer WW. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62: 4293

Crossref Google Scholar
52 Paquette LA. Lobben PC. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118: 1917

Crossref Google Scholar
53 Kempf DJ. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51: 3921

Google Scholar
54 Chan T.-H. Li C.-J. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 747

Crossref Google Scholar
55 Chan T.-H. Lee M.-C. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60: 4228

Crossref Google Scholar
56 Warwel M. Fessner W.-D. Synlett 2000, 865

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
57 Kim E. Gordon DM. Schmid W. Whitesides GM. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58: 5500

Google Scholar
58 Gordon DM. Whitesides GM. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58: 7937

Crossref Google Scholar
59 Choi S.-K. Lee S. Whitesides GM. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61: 8739

Crossref Google Scholar
60 Gao J. Härter R. Gordon DM. Whitesides GM. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59: 3714

Google Scholar
61 Prenner RH. Binder WH. Schmid W. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1994, 73

Google Scholar
62 Wang R. Lim C.-M. Tan C.-H. Lim B.-K. Sim K.-Y. Loh T.-P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6: 1825

Crossref Google Scholar
63 Steurer S. Podlech J. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 1551

Google Scholar
64 Steurer S. Podlech J. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343: 251

Crossref Google Scholar
65 Steurer S. Podlech J. Synthesis 2002, 945

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
66 Chappell MD. Halcomb RL. Org. Lett. 2000, 2: 2003

Crossref Google Scholar
67 Steurer S. Podlech J. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 899

Crossref Google Scholar
69 Paquette LA. Stephanian M. Mallavadhani UV. Cutarelli TD. Lowinger TB. Klemeyer HJ. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61: 7492

Google Scholar
70 Lee PH. Ahn H. Lee K. Sung S.-y. Kim S. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42: 37

Crossref Google Scholar
71 Jang DO. Cho DH. Synlett 2002, 631

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
72 Loh T.-P. Zhou J.-R. Yin Z. Org. Lett. 1999, 1: 1855

Google Scholar
73 Loh T.-P. Zhou J.-R. Li X.-R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 9333

Crossref Google Scholar
74 Lee JG. Choi KI. Pae AN. Koh HY. Kang Y. Cho YS. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 2002, 1314

Crossref Google Scholar
75 Beuchet P. Le Marrec N. Mosset P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33: 5959

Crossref Google Scholar
76 Choudhury PK. Foubelo F. Yus M. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64: 3376

Crossref Google Scholar
77 Loh T.-P. Ho DS.-C. Xu K.-C. Sim K.-Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 865

Crossref Google Scholar
78 Cerè V. Peri F. Pollicino S. Ricci A. Synlett 1999, 1585

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
79 Miyabe H. Nishimura A. Ueda M. Naito T. Chem. Commun. 2002, 1454

Crossref Google Scholar
80 Chan TH. Lu W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39: 8605

Crossref Google Scholar
81 Lu W. Chan TH. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65: 8589

Crossref Google Scholar
82 Lu W. Chan TH. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66: 3467

Crossref Google Scholar
83 Yadav JS. Srinivas D. Reddy GS. Bindu KH. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 8745

Crossref Google Scholar
84 Bryan VJ. Chan T.-H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 6493

Crossref Google Scholar
85 Yoo BW. Choi KH. Lee SJ. Nam GS. Chang KY. Kim SH. Kim JH. Synth. Commun. 2002, 32: 839

Crossref Google Scholar
86 Sabitha G. Reddy CS. Babu RS. Yadav JS. Synlett 2001, 1787

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
87 Araki S. Katsumura N. Ito H. Butsugan Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30: 1581

Crossref Google Scholar
88 Araki S. Shimizu T. Johar PS. Jin S.-J. Butsugan Y. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56: 2538

Crossref Google Scholar
89 Fujiwara N. Yamamoto Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39: 4729

Crossref Google Scholar
90 Wang L. Sun X. Zhang Y. Synth. Commun. 1998, 28: 3263

Crossref Google Scholar
91 Araki S. Horie T. Kato M. Hirashita T. Yamamura H. Kawai M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 2331

Crossref Google Scholar
92 Araki S. Kamei T. Igarashi Y. Hirashita T. Yamamura H. Kawai M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 7999

Crossref Google Scholar
93 Araki S. Nakano H. Subburaj K. Hirashita T. Shibutani K. Yamamura H. Kawai M. Butsugan Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39: 6327

Crossref Google Scholar
94 Araki S. Shiraki F. Tanaka T. Nakano H. Subburaj K. Hirashita T. Yamamura H. Kawai M. Chem.-Eur. J. 2001, 7: 2784

Google Scholar
95 Araki S. Kenji O. Shiraki F. Hirashita T. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43: 8033

Crossref Google Scholar
96 Araki S. Usui H. Kato M. Butsugan Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118: 4699

Crossref Google Scholar
97 Araki S. Imai A. Shimizu K. Yamada M. Mori A. Butsugan Y. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60: 1841

Crossref Google Scholar
98 Fujiwara N. Yamamoto Y. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62: 2318

Crossref Google Scholar
99 Ranu BC. Majee A. Chem. Commun. 1997, 1225

Crossref Google Scholar
100 Augé J. Lubin-Germain N. Seghrouchni L. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43: 5255

Crossref Google Scholar
101 Isaac MB. Chan T.-H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 1003

Crossref Google Scholar
102 Wang Z. Hammond GB. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65: 6547

Crossref Google Scholar
103 Lee PH. Bang K. Lee K. Lee C.-H. Chang S. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 7521

Crossref Google Scholar
104 Lu W. Ma J. Yang Y. Chan TH. Org. Lett. 2000, 2: 3469

Crossref Google Scholar
105 Miyabe H. Ueda M. Nishimura A. Naito T. Org. Lett. 2002, 4: 131

Crossref Google Scholar
106 Lee PH. Sung S.-y. Lee K. Chang S. Synlett 2002, 146

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
107 Lee K. Seomoon D. Lee PH. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41: 3901 ; Angew. Chem. 2002, 114, 4057

Crossref Google Scholar
108 Hirashita T. Yamamura H. Kawai M. Araki S. Chem. Commun. 2001, 387

Crossref Google Scholar
109 Anwar U. Grigg R. Rasparini M. Savic V. Sridharan V. Chem. Commun. 2000, 645

Crossref Google Scholar
110 Anwar U. Grigg R. Sridharan V. Chem. Commun. 2000, 933

Crossref Google Scholar
111 Cooper IR. Grigg R. MacLachlan WS. Thornton-Pett M. Sridharan V. Chem. Commun. 2002, 1372

Crossref Google Scholar
112 Kang S.-K. Lee S.-W. Jung J. Lim Y. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67: 4376

Crossref Google Scholar
113 Yoo BW. Hwang SK. Kim DY. Choi JW. Ko JJ. Choi KI. Kim JH. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43: 4813

Crossref Google Scholar
114 Schick H. Ludwig R. Schwarz K.-H. Kleiner K. Kunath A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32: 1191 ; Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 1218;

Google Scholar
115 Schick H. Ludwig R. Schwarz K.-H. Kleiner K. Kunath A. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59: 3161

Google Scholar
116 Lee PH. Bang K. Lee K. Sung S.-y. Chang S. Synth. Commun. 2001, 31: 3781

Crossref Google Scholar
117 Araki S. Katsumura N. Kawasaki K.-i. Butsugan Y. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1991, 499

Crossref Google Scholar
118 Schwarz K.-H. Kleiner K. Ludwig R. Schick H. Chem. Ber. 1993, 126: 1247

Google Scholar
119 Chao L.-C. Rieke RD. J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40: 2253

Crossref Google Scholar
120 Araki S. Ito H. Butsugan Y. Synth. Commun. 1988, 18: 453

Crossref Google Scholar
121 Yi X.-H. Meng Y. Li C.-J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 4731

Crossref Google Scholar
122 Johar PS. Araki S. Butsugan Y. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1992, 711

Crossref Google Scholar
123 Banik BK. Ghatak A. Becker FF. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 2000, 2179

Crossref Google Scholar
124 Araki S. Jin S.-J. Idou Y. Butsugan Y. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1992, 65: 1736

Crossref Google Scholar
125 Takai K. Ikawa Y. Org. Lett. 2002, 4: 1727

Crossref Google Scholar
126 Loh T.-P. Li X.-R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36: 980 ; Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 1029

Crossref Google Scholar
127 Augé J. Lubin-Germain N. Thiaw-Woaye A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 9245

Crossref Google Scholar
128 Takai K. Ikawa Y. Ishii K. Kumanda M. Chem. Lett. 2002, 172

Crossref Google Scholar
129 Yadav JS. Anjaneyulu S. Ahmed MM. Reddy BVS. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42: 2557

Crossref Google Scholar
130 Zhan Z. Zhang Y. Synth. Commun. 1998, 28: 493

Google Scholar
131 Zheng Y. Bao W. Zhang Y. Synth. Commun. 1997, 27: 79

Google Scholar
132 Gynane MJS. Worrall IJ. J. Organomet. Chem. 1974, 81: 329

Crossref Google Scholar
133 Chan TH. Yang Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121: 3228

Crossref Google Scholar
135 Araki S. Butsugan Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1989, 1286

Crossref Google Scholar
136 Ranu BC. Guchhait SK. Sarkar A. Chem. Commun. 1998, 2113

Crossref Google Scholar
137 Ranu BC. Dutta P. Sarkar A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39: 9557

Crossref Google Scholar
138 Moody CJ. Pitts MR. Synlett 1998, 1028

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
139 Pitts MR. Harrison JR. Moody CJ. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 2001, 955

Crossref Google Scholar
140 Banik BK. Suhendra M. Banik I. Becker FF. Synth. Commun. 2000, 30: 3745

Google Scholar
141 Hutchinson I. Stevens MFG. Westwell AD. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 425

Crossref Google Scholar
142 Yoo BW. Lee SJ. Yoo BS. Choi KI. Kim JH. Synth. Commun. 2002, 32: 2489

Crossref Google Scholar
143 Lee JG. Choi KI. Koh HY. Kim Y. Kang Y. Cho YS. Synthesis 2001, 81

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
144 Yadav JS. Subba Reddy BV. Srinivas R. Ramalingam T. Synlett 2000, 1447

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
145 Kim BH. Jin Y. Jun YM. Han R. Baik W. Lee BM. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 2137

Crossref Google Scholar
146 Kim BH. Cheong JW. Han R. Jun YM. Baik W. Lee BM. Synth. Commun. 2001, 31: 3577

Crossref Google Scholar
147 Kang KH. Choi KI. Koh HY. Kim Y. Chung BY. Cho YS. Synth. Commun. 2001, 31: 2277

Crossref Google Scholar
148 Moody CJ. Pitts MR. Synlett 1999, 1575

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
149 Harrison JR. Moody CJ. Pitts MR. Synlett 2000, 1601

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
150 Reddy GV. Rao GV. Iyengar DS. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 3937

Crossref Google Scholar
151 Yadav JS. Reddy BVS. Reddy GSKK. New J. Chem. 2000, 24: 571

Crossref Google Scholar
152 Yadav JS. Madhuri C. Reddy BVS. Reddy GSKK. Sabitha G. Synth. Commun. 2002, 32: 2771

Crossref Google Scholar
153 Moody CJ. Pitts MR. Synlett 1998, 1029

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
154 Das B. Srinivas KVNS. Synth. Commun. 2001, 31: 1815

Crossref Google Scholar
155 Kalyanam N. Rao GV. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34: 1647

Crossref Google Scholar
156 Banik BK. Hackfeld L. Becker FF. Synth. Commun. 2001, 31: 1581

Crossref Google Scholar
157 Jeevanandam A. Cartwright C. Ling Y.-C. Synth. Commun. 2000, 30: 3153

Google Scholar
158 Yadav JS. Reddy BVS. Reddy MM. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 2663

Crossref Google Scholar
159 Ranu BC. Dutta P. Sarkar A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1999, 1139

Crossref Google Scholar
160 Park L. Keum G. Kang SB. Kim KS. Kim Y. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 2000, 4462

Crossref Google Scholar
161 Pena MA. Pérez I. Sestelo JP. Sarandeses LA. Chem. Commun. 2002, 2246

Crossref Google Scholar
162 Chae H. Cho S. Keum G. Kang SB. Pae AN. Kim Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 3899

Crossref Google Scholar
163 Bao W. Zhang Y. Synlett 1996, 1187

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
164 Ranu BC. Samanta S. Guchhait SK. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66: 4102

Crossref Google Scholar
165 Ranu BC. Samanta S. Das A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43: 5993

Crossref Google Scholar
166 Mineno T. Choi S.-R. Avery MA. Synlett 2002, 883

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
167 Valluri M. Mineno T. Hindupur RM. Avery MA. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42: 7153

Crossref Google Scholar
168 Khan FA. Dash J. Sahu N. Gupta S. Org. Lett. 2002, 4: 1015

Crossref Google Scholar
169 Miyai T. Ueba M. Baba A. Synlett 1999, 182

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
170 Lim HJ. Keum G. Kang SB. Chung BY. Kim Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39: 4367

Crossref Google Scholar
171 Baek HS. Lee SJ. Yoo BW. Ko JJ. Kim SH. Kim JH. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 8097

Crossref Google Scholar
172 Ranu BC. Dutta J. Guchhait SK. Org. Lett. 2001, 3: 2603

Crossref Google Scholar
173 Ranu BC. Dutta J. Guchhait SK. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66: 5624

Crossref Google Scholar
174 Yadav JS. Bandyopadhyay A. Reddy BVS. Synlett 2001, 1608

Article in Thieme Connect Google Scholar
175 Reddy GVS. Rao GV. Iyengar DS. Synth. Commun. 2000, 30: 859

Crossref Google Scholar

68

Podlech, J. unpublished results.

134

Steurer, S.; Podlech, J. unpublished results.