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Int J Sports Med 2022; 43(08): 679-686
DOI: 10.1055/a-1524-2421
Review

Effects of Physical Training on Heart Rate Variability in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Agustín Jesús Estévez-González
1   Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid Campus de Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
,
Margarita Pérez-Ruiz
1   Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid Campus de Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
,
Fernando Cobo-Vicente
1   Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid Campus de Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
,
Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio 
2   Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Visiting Professor (2019-2020), Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
,
Eneko Larumbe-Zabala
1   Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid Campus de Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
› Author Affiliations Funding This study was funded by Catedra Fundación Asisa-UE (ref. 2018/ UEM50), XIX Premios Neumomadrid 2019 and Beca Cantera de Investigación Santander - Fundación de la Universidad Europea 2020. MVFD would like to thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) – finance code 001, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for financial support.
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Abstract

This study analyzed the effects of physical training programs on heart rate variability, as a measure of sympathovagal balance, in children and adolescents with chronic diseases. Relevant articles were systematically searched in Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and Embase scientific databases. We performed a meta-analysis using an inverse variance heterogeneity model. Effect size calculation was based on the standardized mean differences between pre- and post-intervention assessments, assuring at least a single-group repeated-measures model for each extracted group. Ten studies (252 participants) were included, seven in obese subjects, two in type-1 diabetes, and one in cerebral palsy. When time-domain variables were analyzed, exercise was found to moderately increase RMSSD (SMD=0.478; 95%CI: 0.227 to 0.729; p<0.001), SDNN (SMD=0.367; 95%CI: 0.139 to 0.595; p=0.002) and pNN50 (SMD=0.817; 95%CI: 0.139 to 0.595; p=0.002). As for frequency-domain variables, exercise presented a moderate increasing effect on HF (SMD=0.512; 95%CI: 0.240 to 0.783; p<0.001), a negligible effect for LF (SMD=0.077; 95%CI: –0.259 to 0.412; p<0.001) and a non-significant reduction for LF/HF (SMD=–0.519; 95%CI: -1.162 to 0.124; p=0.114). In conclusion, physical training programs are able to modulate heart rate variability in children and adolescents with chronic diseases, affecting mainly the time-domain variables.

Key words

autonomic function - exercise - pediatrics - sympathovagal balance - adolescent - heart rate

Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 05 November 2020

Accepted: 27 May 2021

Article published online:
02 February 2022

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