DOI:
        10.1055/s-00000009
      
      
        American Journal of Perinatology
      
      
        
          
            Issue 04 ·
           Volume 41 ·
           March 2024
            
          
           DOI: 10.1055/s-014-59137 
          
          
          
  
    
      
    
  
  
        
        
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
      
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
          
            
              
              
              
                
                  
                    
                    
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            SMFM Fellowship Series Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        375
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Nicole Teal, E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Baer, Rebecca J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Jelliffe-Pawlowski, Laura; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mengesha, Biftu: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        383
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Francoeur, Alex A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kang, Sung-Hae L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Senaratne, T. Niroshi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Saitta, Sulagna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Murali, Aparna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Peters, Katharine; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hansman, Emily; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chen, Angela; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Parvataneni, Ram; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Patil, Rajita; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Rible, Radhika; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sridhar, Aparna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Stoddard, Amy; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zapata, Mya; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Krakow, Deborah; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pluym, Ilina D.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Review Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        395
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Ninan, Kiran; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Liyanage, Sugee K.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Murphy, Kellie E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Asztalos, Elizabeth V.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              McDonald, Sarah D.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Original Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        405
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Hakim, Joe B.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zhou, Amy; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hernandez-Diaz, Sonia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hart, Jessica M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wylie, Blair J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Beam, Andrew L.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        414
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Heberlein, Emily C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Smith, Jessica C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              LaBoy, Ana; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Britt, Jessica; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Crockett, Amy: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        422
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Donnelly, Jean M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Walsh, Jennifer M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Horan, Mary K.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mehegan, John; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Molloy, Eleanor J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Byrne, David F.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              McAuliffe, Fionnuala M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        429
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Farag, Marwa Mohamed; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Khedr, Ahmed Abd El-Halim Abd El-Raziq; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Attia, MennattAllah Hassan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ghazal, Hesham Abd EL-Rahim: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        439
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Arthur, Novisi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Byrne, Emma; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kehinde, Folasade; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bhandari, Vineet; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Quinones Cardona, Vilmaris: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        445
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Donmez, Hanife Guler; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Celik, Hasan Tolga; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kayki, Gozdem; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tanacan, Atakan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cagan, Murat; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yigit, Sule; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yurdakok, Murat; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cakar, Ayse Nur; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Beksac, Mehmet Sinan: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        452
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Seshadri, Nilesh; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kim, Lydia Y.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              McGrath-Morrow, Sharon A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Collaco, Joseph M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        458
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Ponnapakkam, Adharsh; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Carr, Nicholas R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Comstock, Bryan A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Perez, Krystle; 
              
            
          
            
              
              O'Shea, T. Michael; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tolia, Veeral N.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Clark, Reese H.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Heagerty, Patrick J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Juul, Sandra E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ahmad, Kaashif A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              
                
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                
                
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                
                  for the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial Consortium: 
                
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        470
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Morgan, Tamandra; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tan, Catherine D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Della-Torre, Micaela; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Jackson-Bey, Tia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              DiGiovanni, Laura; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Enakpene, Christopher A.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        478
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Kittiarpornpon, Visanu; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Siripattanapipong, Pitiporn; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bowornkitiwong, Walaiporn; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kitsommart, Ratchada; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ngerncham, Sopapan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wongsiridach, Pimol; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yangthara, Buranee: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        488
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Arena, Roberta; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gallini, Francesca; 
              
            
          
            
              
              De Rose, Domenico Umberto; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Conte, Francesca; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Giraldi, Luca; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pianini, Teresa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Perri, Alessandro; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Catenazzi, Piero; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Orfeo, Luigi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Vento, Giovanni; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Govaert, Paul: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        498
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              McKim, Kevin J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lucafo, Stephen; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bhombal, Shazia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bain, Lisa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chock, Valerie Y.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        505
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Ercin, Secil; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Coskun, Yesim; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kayas, Kalender; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kavas, Nazan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gursoy, Tugba: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Short Communication
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        511
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Sullivan, Anne H. T.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Healy, Helen M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              DeGrazia, Michele; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Toole, Cheryl; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hansen, Anne; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Leeman, Kristen T.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        515
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Rodríguez-Fernández, Rosa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              González-Martínez, Felipe; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Perez-Moreno, Jimena; 
              
            
          
            
              
              González-Sánchez, María Isabel; 
              
            
          
            
              
              de la Mata Navazo, Sara; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Toledo del Castillo, Blanca; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Saavedra Lozano, Jesus; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Voltas Espinosa, Lucia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Manso Perez, Sara; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Miñarro Berlanga, María; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mejias, Asuncion; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ramilo, Octavio: