Zusammenfassung
Schon seit den 30er-Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts sind die gesundheitsschädlichen
Effekte der Luftverschmutzung belegt. Ozon, Feinstaub und Stickstoffdioxid stellen
zurzeit die wichtigsten Komponenten der Luftverschmutzung dar. Es ist inzwischen gesichert,
dass die akute Zunahme der Luftverschmutzung zu einer Steigerung von Morbidität und
Mortalität führt. Es kommt zu vermehrten Krankenhausaufnahmen von Patienten mit COPD
und Asthma. Die chronische Schadstoffexposition führt vermehrt zu bronchitischen Beschwerden
und zu Einschränkungen der Lungenfunktion und -reifung. Vor allem Ozon sowie Wohnen
in der Nähe großer Straßen werden für die Entwicklung eines Asthmas mitverantwortlich
gemacht. Als weiterer wesentlicher Umweltfaktor hat der Klimawandel Auswirkungen einerseits
auf die Luftverschmutzung und andererseits auf die Verteilung und Qualität von Atemwegsallergenen
sowie die Vermehrung und Übertragung von Krankheitserregern.
Summary
From as early as 1930 there has been evidence for effects on health of air pollution.
Ozone, particulates and nitrogen dioxide are the most important pollutants today.
The acute increase in air pollution leads to a significant raise in morbidity and
mortality. Hospital admissions of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) or asthma are more frequent during these periods. Chronic exposure to pollution
causes bronchitis, accelerated decline of lung function and impaired maturing of
the lungs. Ozone and a residence in proximity to major roads seem to play a role
in the development of asthma. A further important environmental factor is climate
change, which has an impact on air pollution but also on distribution and quality
of aero-allergens and the dissemination and transmission of respiratory pathogens.
Schlüsselwörter
Luftverschmutzung - Klimawandel - Lungenerkrankungen - COPD - Asthma - Ozon - Feinstaub
- Stickoxid - Schwefeldioxid - Stickstoffdioxid
Key words
air pollution - climate change - pulmonary diseases - COPD - asthma - ozone - particulates
- nitric oxide - sulphur dioxide - nitrogen dioxide
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Jun.-Prof. PD Dr. med. Gernot Rohde
Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1
44789 Bochum
Phone: 0234/302-0
Fax: 0234/302-6420
Email: gernot.rohde@rub.de
