Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865089
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Aortenklappenersatz beim älteren Patienten
Aortic valve replacement in elderly patientsPublication History
eingereicht: 30.11.2004
akzeptiert: 3.3.2005
Publication Date:
18 March 2005 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Operationen an der Aortenklappe sind nach den Koronaroperationen die häufigsten kardiochirurgischen Eingriffe. Verursacht durch die demographische Entwicklung kommt es zu einer Verschiebung des Operationsalters in die 7. - 9. Lebensdekade. Im Rahmen des Aortenklappenersatzes werden jenseits des 65. Lebensjahres biologische Klappenprothesen als Aortenklappensubstitute empfohlen. Einerseits unterliegen die xenogenen Prothesen in dieser Altersgruppe nur einer langsamen Degeneration und andererseits sind insbesondere die älteren Patienten durch Komplikationen einer Cumarintherapie bedroht. Die modernen klappenerhaltenden Operationsverfahren können auch bei den älteren Patienten mit geringem, kalkulierbarem Risiko eingesetzt werden. Die Sterblichkeit an Aortenklappenoperationen ist bei den älteren Patienten etwas höher als bei vergleichbaren jüngeren Patienten. Sie wird entscheidend von weiteren Risikofaktoren, wie dem klinischen Stadium und der Komorbidität beeinflusst. Schlussfolgernd sollte ein Aortenklappenersatz auch bei älteren, symptomatischen Patienten immer erwogen werden. Die Wahl des Operationsverfahrens bleibt eine patientenspezifische Notwendigkeit, die zwischen dem Patienten, dem Kardiologen und dem Herzchirurgen erfolgen sollte.
Summary
Aortic valve procedures represent the second most frequent surgical intervention in cardiac surgery. Due to the demographic developments there is a shift into the seventh to ninth decade of age. For patients beyond 65 years biological valve prostheses are recommended. In these patients xenografts are showing only a slow degeneration. Furthermore, especially these patients are threatened by complications caused by cumarine therapy. Modern valve-sparing procedures might also be used in old patients with an insurable risk. Mortality is slightly increased in old patients compared to younger patients. However, additional risk factors like clinical stage as well as co-morbidity affect the mortality significantly. The specific operative procedure has to select with respect to the individual situation of the patient. In conclusion, aortic valve surgery should be taken into account also in older, symptomatic patients.
Literatur
- 1 Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie .Aortenklappe. AWMF-Leitlinien-Register Nr. 011/004 2001
MissingFormLabel
- 2 Acar J, Elias J, Luxereau P. Aortic stenosis and mixed aortic valve disease. London: ICR Publishers In: Acar J, Bodnar E, editors. Textbook of acquired heart valve disease 1995 Volume I: 454-486
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Albes J, Wahlers T.
Valve sparing root reduction plasty in aortic aneurysm: the Jena technique.
Ann Thorac Surg.
2003;
74
1031-1033
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Anttila V, Heikkinen J, Biancari F.
A retrospective comparative study of aortic valve replacement with St. Jude Medical
and Medtronic-Hall prostheses: a 20-year follow-up study.
Scand Cardiovasc J.
2002;
36
53-59
MissingFormLabel
- 5 Bodnar E. Mechanical heart valves. London: ICR Publishers In: Acar J, Bodnar E, editors. Textbook of acquired heart valve disease 1995 Volume II: 965-1001
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Bonow R O, Carabello B, de Leon A C. et al .
ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive
summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
Task Force on Practice Guideines (Committee on Management of Patients With Valvular
Heart Disease).
Circulation.
1998;
98
1949-1984
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Carrel T P, Berdat P, Englberger L, Eckstein F, Immer F, Seiler C. et al .
Aortic root replacement with a new stentless aortic valve xenograft conduit: preliminary
hemodynamic and clinical results.
J Heart Valve Dis.
2003;
12
752-757
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Casselmann F P, Bots M L, van Lommel W, Knaepen P J, Lensen R, Vermeulen F EE.
Repeated thromboembolic and bleeding events after mechanical aortic valve replacement.
Ann Thorac Surg.
2001;
71
1172-1180
MissingFormLabel
- 9
David T E, Feindel C M.
An aortic valve-sparing operation for patients with aortic incompetence and aneurysm
of the ascending aorta.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
1992;
103
617-622
MissingFormLabel
- 10
David T E, Ivanov J, Armstrong S, Feindel C M, Cohn G.
Late results of heart valve replacement with the Hancock II bioprosthesis.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
2001;
121
268-278
MissingFormLabel
- 11
De Oliveira N C, David T E, Ivanov J. et al .
Results of surgery for aortic root aneurysm in patients with Marfan syndrom.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
2003;
125
789-796
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Florath I, Rosendahl U, Mortasawi A. et al .
Current determinants of operative mortality in 1400 patients requiring aortic valve
replacement.
Ann Thorac Surg.
2003;
76
75-83
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Franke U FW, Wahlers T.
Patientenadaptierte chirurgische Therapie von Aortenklappenfehlern.
Dtsch Arztebl.
2004;
101A
1092-1098
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Graeter T, Kindermann M, Fries R, Langer F, Schaefers H J.
Comparison of aortic valve gradient during exercise after aortic valve reconstruction.
Chest.
2000;
118
1271-1277
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Harringer W, Pethig K, Hagl C, Wahlers T, Cremer J, Haverich A.
Replacement of ascending aorta with aortic valve reimplantation: midterm results.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg.
1999;
15
803-807
MissingFormLabel
- 16 Jamieson W RE, Lichtenstein S V. Cardiac valvular replacement devices: residual problems and innovative investigative
technologies. San Francisco: Universal Medical Press In: Szabo Z, Lewis JE, Fantini GA, Savalgi RS, editors. Surgical technology international
VII 1998: 229-248
MissingFormLabel
- 17
Kaempchen S, Guenther T, Toschke M, Grunkemeier G L, Wottke M, Lange R.
Assessing the benefit of biological valve prostheses: cumulative incidence (actual)
vs. Kaplan-Meier (actuarial) analysis.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg.
2003;
23
710-714
MissingFormLabel
- 18
Kallenbach K, Pethig K, Leyh R G, Baric D, Haverich A, Harringer W.
Acute dissection of the ascending aorta: first results of emergency valve sparing
aortic root reconstruction.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg.
2002;
22
218-222
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Kalmar P, Irrgang E.
Cardiac surgery in Germany during 2003: A report by the German Society for Thoracic
and Cardiovascular Surgery.
Thorac Cardiov Surg.
2004;
52
312-317
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Khan S S, Trento A, DeRobertis M, Kass R M, Sandhu M, Czer L SC. et al .
Twenty years comparison of tissue and mechanical valve replacement.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
2001;
122
257-269
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Langley S M, Rooney S J, Dalrymple-Hay M J, Spencer J M, Lewis M E, Pagano D. et al .
Replacement of the proximal aorta and aortic valve using a composite bileaflet prosthesis
and gelatin-impregnated polyester graft (Carbo-Seal): early results in 143 patients.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
1999;
118
1014-1020
MissingFormLabel
- 22
Lund O, Nielsen S L, Arildsen H, Ilkjaer L B, Pilegaard H K.
Standard aortic St. Jude valve at 18 years: performance profile and determinants of
outcome.
Ann Thorac Surg.
2000;
69
1459-1465
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Mahoney C B, Miller D C, Khan S S, Hill J D, Cohn L H.
Twenty-year, three-institution evaluation of the Hancock modified orifice aortic valve
durability. Comparison of actual and actuarial estimates.
C irculation.
1998;
98
II88-II94
MissingFormLabel
- 24
Medalion B, Blackstone E H, Lytle B W, White J, Arnold J H, Cosgrove D M.
Aortic valve replacement: is valve size important?.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
2000;
119
963-974
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Myken P, Bech-Hanssen O, Phipps B, Caidahl K.
Fifteen years follow up with the St. Jude Medical Biocor porcine bioprosthesis.
J Heart Valve Dis.
2000;
9
415-422
MissingFormLabel
- 26
Pethig K, Milz A, Hagl C, Harringer W, Haverich A.
Aortic valve reimplantation in ascending aortic aneurysm: risk factors for early valve
failure.
Ann Thorac Surg.
2002;
73
29-33
MissingFormLabel
- 27
Pibarot P, Dumesnil J G.
Hemodynamic and clinical impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch in the aortic valve
position and its prevention.
J Am Coll Cardiol.
2000;
36
1131-1141
MissingFormLabel
- 28
Roberts W C.
The congenital bicuspid aortic valve. A study of 85 autopsy cases.
Am J Cardiol.
1970;
26
72-83
MissingFormLabel
- 29
Sarsam M A, Yacoub M.
Remodeling of the aortic valve annulus.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
1993;
105
435-438
MissingFormLabel
- 30
Schaefers H J, Langer F, Aicher D, Graeter T, Wendler O.
Remodeling of the aortic root and reconstruction of the bicuspid aortic valve.
Ann Thorac Surg.
2000;
70
542-546
MissingFormLabel
- 31
Unger F, Horstkotte D, Ghosh P. et al .
Standards and concepts in valve surgery. A report of the task force of European Heart
Institute (EHI) of the European Academy of Science and Arts and the International
Society of Cardiothoracic Sorgeons (ISCTS).
Thorac Cardiov Surg.
2000;
48
175-182
MissingFormLabel
- 32
Vrandecic M, Fantini F A, Filho B G, De Oliveira O C, da Costa I M, Vrandecic E.
Retrospective clinical analysis of stented vs. stentless porcine aortic bioprostheses.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg.
2000;
18
46-53
MissingFormLabel
- 33
Wahlers T.
Aortenklappeninsuffizienz: Wann ist der optimale Operationszeitpunkt?.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr.
2003;
128
2145-2148
MissingFormLabel
- 34
Westaby S, Horton M, Jin X Y. et al .
Survival advantage of stentless aortic bioprostheses.
Ann Thorac Surg.
2000;
70
785-791
MissingFormLabel
- 35
Zehr K J, Orszulak T A, Mullany C J, Matloobi A, Daly R C, Dearani J A. et al .
Surgery for aneurysms of the aortic root: a 30-year experience.
Circulation.
2004;
110
1364-1371
MissingFormLabel
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Ulrich Franke
Klinik für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Erlanger Allee 101
07740 Jena
Phone: 03641/9322901
Fax: 03641/9322902
Email: Ulrich.Franke@med.uni-jena.de