Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Bis vor kurzem waren lediglich zwei therapeutische Optionen zur Behandlung der neovaskulären
altersabhängigen Makuladegeneration (AMD) verfügbar: die thermische Laserkoagulation
und die photodynamische Therapie (PDT) mit Verteporfin. Dieses therapeutische Spektrum
hat sich in den letzten Monaten durch die Publikation von Studienergebnissen neuer
Therapieansätze erweitert. Im vorliegenden Konsenspapier soll deshalb eine Abwägung
der derzeitig publizierten Studienergebnisse für die verschiedenen Subtypen der chorioidalen
Neovaskularisationen (CNV) bei der AMD vorgenommen werden. Als neue therapeutische
Optionen bei der Behandlung der neovaskulären AMD stehen Triamcinolon eventuell auch
in Kombination mit einer PDT, Anecortave Acetat, Pegaptanib und Ranibizumab zur Verfügung.
Die sich aus diesen neuen Therapieansätzen ergebenden neuen Therapieoptionen sollen
in diesem Konsenspapier dargestellt werden. Empfehlung: Für extrafoevolare rein klassische CNVs ist eine thermische Laserkoagulation zu empfehlen.
Für subfoveale Läsionen (juxta- und subfoveolar) einer vorwiegend klassischen CNV
oder kleinen (≤ 4 MPS-Papillenflächen) okkulten CNV bei eindeutiger Progression ist
die PDT mit Verteporfin die beste therapeutische Option. Für subfoveale Läsionen einer
minimal klassischen CNV kann die Behandlung mit PDT oder Pegaptanib durchgeführt werden,
auch wenn bei beiden Verfahren gewisse Unsicherheiten bei der statistischen Auswertung
der Studien bestehen. Alle Behandlungen sollten innerhalb einer Woche nach den Fluoreszein-Angiographien
erfolgen, die die genannte Behandlungsindikation haben. Bei Nachuntersuchungen sollte
zur Prüfung und Dokumentation der weiteren Behandlungsstrategie der Visus und Fundusbefund
festgestellt werden sowie alle 3 Monate eine erneute Fluoreszein-Angiographie erfolgen.
Schlussbemerkung: Die Empfehlungen basieren auf den derzeit verfügbaren Ergebnissen klinischer Studien
zur Laser- und Pharmako-Therapie der neovaskulären AMD. Weitere Aktualisierungen dieser
Empfehlungen sind vorgesehen.
Abstract
Background: Until recently, only two options were available for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization
(CNV) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD): laser photocoagulation and photodynamic
therapy (PDT) with verteporfin. However, potential new treatments for CNV are under
development, and data from phase III clinical trials are now available. Referring
to these data, expert guidance is required to supply ophthalmologists with expertise
in the management of AMD to select and use the most appropriate therapies in the treatment
of neovascular AMD. Methods: The therapeutic modalities discussed include thermal laser photocoagulation, PDT
with verteporfin, triamcinolone acetonide and the possible combination with PDT, anecortave
acetate, pegaptanib sodium and ranibizumab. After a short description of the treatment
principles, a summary of the discussion of all relevant study results of the different
treatment options with respect to the different subtypes of neovascular AMD is presented.
These discussions resulted in an „up-to-date” recommendation of therapeutical strategies
in neovascular AMD. Results: For subfoveal lesions with predominantly classic CNV, or with occult with non-classic
CNV and a lesion size ≤ 4 macular photocoagulation study (MPS) disc areas (DA), PDT
with verteporfin is recommended; for subfoveal lesions with minimally classic CNV,
treatment with PDT or pegaptanib sodium is possible, even if there are some problems
with the statistics in the studies with both treatment modalities. PDT with verteporfin
should be considered for juxtafoveal lesions that are so close to the fovea that laser
photocoagulation would almost certainly extend under the center of the foveal avascular
zone, and for all other juxtafoveal lesions and for extrafoveal lesions laser photocoagulation
is suggested. Therapy should be performed not later than one week after the initial
fluorescein angiogram upon which the clinical decision for treatment is based. At
each follow-up best-corrected visual acuity and a fundus examination should be performed
as well as a fluorescein angiography every three months. Conclusions: These recommendations provide good clinical guidance for the choice and use of laser
and pharmacotherapies for the management of CNV due to AMD. Revisions of the recommendations
will be required as new data become available.
Schlüsselwörter
Altersabhängige Makuladegeneration - photodynamische Therapie - antiangiogenetische
Therapie
Key words
Age-related macular degeneration - photodynamic therapy - antiangiogenetic therapy
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Prof. Dr. D. Pauleikhoff
Augenabteilung des St. Franziskus Krankenhauses
Hohenzollernring 74
48145 Münster
Email: kpl-auge@muenster.de