Endoscopic Ultrasonography

This review again uses a practical arrangement of the topics of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) into clinical categories rather than single diseases. The clinical categories include established indications, such as staging of gastrointestinal tract cancers, differential diagnosis of submucosal tumors, evaluation of solid and cystic pancreatic masses, detection of lymph nodes, evaluation of the biliary tree, and fine-needle aspiration (FNA). In addition to established indications, surgical and investigational techniques are presented, such as fine-needle therapeutic procedures and methods of studying portal hypertension and hepatic, abdominal, and retroperitoneal masses. This year, the new techniques and instruments presented have not included new probes or endoscopes, as these have already gained wide application in published papers and clinical practice. However, new techniques capable of facilitating the use of existing equipment are discussed, such as computer-aided EUS image analysis. Finally, some fascinating studies investigated outcomes with EUS and the cost-effectiveness of the method - stimulating both endosonographers and non-endosonographers to think about current practices and ways of improving them.

References

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• 2 Harewood G C, Wiersema M J. A cost analysis of endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of esophageal cancer.  Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;  97 452-458
• 3 Eloubeidi M A, Wallace M B, Reed C E. et al . The utility of EUS and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration in detecting celiac lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer: a single-center experience.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;  54 714-719
• 4 Romagnuolo J, Scott J, Hawes R H. et al . Helical CT versus EUS with fine-needle aspiration for celiac nodal assessment in patients with esophageal cancer.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 648-654
• 5 Kelly S, Harris K M, Berry E. et al . A systematic review of the staging performance of endoscopic ultrasound in gastro-oesophageal carcinoma.  Gut. 2001;  49 534-539
• 6 Willis J, Cooper G S, Isenberg G. et al . Correlation of EUS measurement with pathologic assessment of neoadjuvant therapy response in esophageal carcinoma.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 655-661
• 7 Faigel D O, Lieberman D A, Weinstein W M. et al . Effect of multipolar electrocoagulation on EUS findings in Barrett's esophagus.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 23-26
• 8 Scotiniotis I A, Kochman M L, Lewis J D. et al . Accuracy of EUS in the evaluation of Barrett's esophagus and high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;  54 689-696
• 9 Catalano M F, Nayar R, Gress F. et al . EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration in mediastinal lymphadenopathy of unknown etiology.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 863-869
• 10 Wallace M B, Kennedy T, Durkalski V. et al . Randomized controlled trial of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration techniques for the detection of malignant lymphadenopathy.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;  54 441-447
• 11 Hahn M, Faigel D O. Frequency of mediastinal lymph node metastases in patients undergoing EUS evaluation of pancreaticobiliary masses.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;  54 331-335
• 12 Ando N, Goto H, Niwa Y. et al . The diagnosis of GI stromal tumors with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration with immunohistochemical analysis.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 37-43
• 13 Sun S, Wang M, Sun S. Use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided injection in endoscopic resection of solid submucosal tumors.  Endoscopy. 2002;  34 82-85
• 14 Fusaroli P, Buscarini E, Peyre S. et al . Interobserver agreement in staging gastric malt lymphoma by EUS.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 662-668
• 15 Lugering N, Menzel J, Kucharzik T. et al . Impact of miniprobes compared to conventional endosonography in the staging of low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma.  Endoscopy. 2001;  33 832-837
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• 17 Harewood G C, Wiersema M J. A cost analysis of endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of pancreatic head adenocarcinoma.  Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;  96 2651-2656
• 18 Harewood G C, Wiersema L M, Halling A C. et al . Influence of EUS training and pathology interpretation on accuracy of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of pancreatic masses.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 669-673
• 19 Ahmad N A, Kochman M L, Lewis J D. et al . Can EUS alone differentiate between malignant and benign cystic lesions of the pancreas?.  Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;  96 3295-3300
• 20 Hara T, Yamaguchi T, Ishihara T. et al . Diagnosis and patient management of intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor of the pancreas by using peroral pancreatoscopy and intraductal ultrasonography.  Gastroenterology. 2002;  122 34-43
• 21 Kahl S, Glasbrenner B, Leodolter A. et al . EUS in the diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis: a prospective follow-up study.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 507-511
• 22 Hollerbach S, Klamann A, Topalidis T. et al . Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology for diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.  Endoscopy. 2001;  33 824-831
• 23 Prat F, Edery J, Meduri B. et al . Early EUS of the bile duct before endoscopic sphincterotomy for acute biliary pancreatitis.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;  54 724-729
• 24 Liu C L, Lo C M, Chan J K. et al . Detection of choledocholithiasis by EUS in acute pancreatitis: a prospective evaluation in 100 consecutive patients.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;  54 325-330
• 25 Scheiman J M, Carlos R C, Barnett J L. et al . Can endoscopic ultrasound or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography replace ERCP in patients with suspected biliary disease? A prospective trial and cost analysis.  Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;  96 2900-2904
• 26 Tandon M, Topazian M. Endoscopic ultrasound in idiopathic acute pancreatitis.  Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;  96 705-709
• 27 Tseng L J, Jao Y T, Mo L R. et al . Over-the-wire US catheter probe as an adjunct to ERCP in the detection of choledocholithiasis.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;  54 720-723
• 28 Das A, Isenberg G, Wong R C. et al . Wire-guided intraductal US: an adjunct to ERCP in the management of bile duct stones.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;  54 31-36
• 29 Rösch T, Meining A, Frühmorgen S. et al . A prospective comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of ERCP, MRCP, CT, and EUS in biliary strictures.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 870-876
• 30 Tamada K, Tomiyama T, Wada S. et al . Endoscopic transpapillary bile duct biopsy with the combination of intraductal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of biliary strictures.  Gut. 2002;  50 326-331
• 31 Marusch F, Koch A, Schmidt U. et al . Routine use of transrectal ultrasound in rectal carcinoma: results of a prospective multicenter study.  Endoscopy. 2002;  34 385-390
• 32 Garcia-Aguilar J, Pollack J, Lee S H. et al . Accuracy of endorectal ultrasonography in preoperative staging of rectal tumors.  Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;  45 10-15
• 33 Harewood G C, Wiersema M J. Cost-effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasonography in the evaluation of proximal rectal cancer.  Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;  97 874-882
• 34 Waxman I, Saitoh Y, Raju G S. et al . High-frequency probe EUS-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection: a therapeutic strategy for submucosal tumors of the GI tract.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 44-49
• 35 Schwartz D A, Wiersema M J, Dudiak K M. et al . A comparison of endoscopic ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and exam under anesthesia for evaluation of Crohn's perianal fistulas.  Gastroenterology. 2001;  121 1064-1072
• 36 Gunaratnam N T, Sarma A V, Norton I D. et al . A prospective study of EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis for pancreatic cancer pain.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;  54 316-324
• 37 Giovannini M, Pesenti C, Rolland A L. et al . Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts or pancreatic abscesses using a therapeutic echo endoscope.  Endoscopy. 2001;  33 473-477
• 38 Seifert H, Faust D, Schmitt T. et al . Transmural drainage of cystic peripancreatic lesions with a new large-channel echo endoscope.  Endoscopy. 2001;  33 1022-1026
• 39 Nishida H, Giostra E, Spahr L. et al . Validation of color Doppler EUS for azygos blood flow measurement in patients with cirrhosis: application to the acute hemodynamic effects of somatostatin, octreotide, or placebo.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;  54 24-30
• 40 Hino S, Kakutani H, Ikeda K. et al . Hemodynamic assessment of the left gastric vein in patients with esophageal varices with color Doppler EUS: factors affecting development of esophageal varices.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 512-517
• 41 TenBerge J, Hoffman B J, Hawes R H. et al . EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of the liver: indications, yield, and safety based on an international survey of 167 cases.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 859-862
• 42 Catalano M F, Sial S, Chak A. et al . EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of idiopathic abdominal masses.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 854-858
• 43 Norton I D, Zheng Y, Wiersema M S. et al . Neural network analysis of EUS images to differentiate between pancreatic malignancy and pancreatitis.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;  54 625-629
• 44 Parada K S, Peng R, Erickson R A. et al . A resource utilization projection study of EUS.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;  55 328-334
• 45 Mortensen M B, Pless T, Durup J. et al . Clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in patients with upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies: a prospective study.  Endoscopy. 2001;  33 478-483
• 46 Ainsworth A P, Mortensen M B, Durup J. et al . Clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasonography at a county hospital.  Endoscopy. 2002;  34 447-450