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Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2001; 218(11): 702-709
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-18661
ÜBERSICHT

Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Mikroskopgestützte Laserchirurgie - zelluläre Laserchirurgie in der Augenheilkunde. Eine Übersicht[1] [2]

Cellular surgery with the laser. A reviewFranz Fankhauser
  • Lindenhofspital, CH Bern
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Publication History

Publication Date:
30 November 2001 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Eine Reihe von Lasermethoden erlaubt, zelluläre und subzelluläre Laserchirugie zu realisieren, ohne dass es zu extrafokalen, kollateralen Schäden kommt (mikroskopische Laserchirurgie). Die dazu notwendigen Lasermethoden, insbesondere die eines Lasermessers und einer Laserpinzette, werden dargestellt. Die Laserpinzette erlaubt, mittels des Strahldruckes und einer geeigneten Strahlführung, zelluläre oder subzelluläre Elemente oder sogar Makromoleküle, die man bestrahlen möchte, völlig atraumatisch festzuhalten. Bei der Anwendung von Kurzzeitmethoden ist es auch möglich, Schadeneffekte von nur 1 μm Durchmesser zu realisieren. Eine reversible Schädigung der Zellmembran erlaubt es ferner, Moleküle und Genmaterial atraumatisch in eine Zelle einzubringen und dadurch deren genetisches Verhalten zu verändern. Für Zellmanipulationen bei Befruchtungsexperimenten dürfte eine Kurzpulslasermethode am besten geeignet sein. In der Ophthalmologie wird zur Zeit mit Kurzpulslaserverfahren eine lokale Wirkung im Bereich des Trabekelwerkes beim Glaukom und der Netzhaut bei Netzhautpathologien in Extrapolation lasermikroskopischer Methoden angestrebt.

This is a review of a number of laser methods, allowing to realize strongly localized, atraumatic, molecular, cellular, and subcellular microeffects. New instruments are the laser tweezers and the laser knife to be used with a microscope (microscopical surgery). Laser tweezers allow fixation, by means of the radiation pressure of molecular, cellular, and subcellular elements, of diameters as small as 1 μm. These may be irradiated atraumatically by means of short-pulsed lasers. A reversible damage of the cell membrane allows to introduce living genetic material into living cells and to reversibly modify their genetic behaviour. Micromanipulation/irradiation of living cells by means of the short-pulse laser method of living cells may be optimal in in-vivo fertilization experiments. Short-pulse laser methods have been tentatively introduced in ophthalmology and highly localized effects have been realized in the trabecular meshwork for the treatment of glaucoma and in the retina in retinal pathology.

Schlüsselwörter

Laserchirurgie - optische Pinzette - optisches Messer - molekulare, zelluläre, subzelluläre Mikroeffekte

Key words

laser surgery - irradiation and manipulation of macromolecular - cellular and subcellular elements - optical tweezers - optical knife

1 Manuskript erstmalig eingereicht am 4. 3. 01 und in der vorliegenden Form angenommen am 25. 4. 01.

2 Herrn Professor Dr. G. O. H. Naumann gewidmet.Cogito ergo sum.

Literatur

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2 Herrn Professor Dr. G. O. H. Naumann gewidmet.Cogito ergo sum.

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