RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-17890
Akute Vergiftungen in der internistischen Intensivmedizin
Cases of acute poisoning admitted to a medical intensive care unitPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
18. Oktober 2001 (online)

Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Aufgrund der geringen Information zur Epidemiologie akuter Vergiftungen wurden die Daten aller intoxikierten Patienten, die auf der internistischen Intensivstation der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main von Januar 1993 bis Dezember 1999 behandelt wurden, ausgewertet.
Patienten und Methodik: Insgesamt waren dies 147 (80 Frauen, 67 Männer, Altersdurchschnitt 41 Jahre, 2,3 %) von 6211 Patienten.
Ergebnisse: Zur Aufnahme führten die Notwendigkeit zur Beatmung und die Überwachung der Vitalfunktionen. 52 % der Patienten (n = 76) wurden wegen eines Suizidversuchs, vorwiegend mit Antidepressiva (n = 19), Paracetamol (n = 16) oder Benzodiazepinen (n = 9) aufgenommen. Von diesen 76 Patienten verstarben zwei (2,6 %). 48 % der Patienten (n = 71) wurden nach akzidentellen Vergiftungen, überwiegend mit Heroin (n = 19), Alkohol (n = 18) und Digitalis (n = 12), behandelt. Bei 11 Patienten lagen Vergiftungen mit Herbiziden, Tiergiften, Industrie- bzw. Haushaltschemikalien vor. In dieser Gruppe verstarben drei drogenabhängige Patienten (4,2 %). Abhängig von der Vergiftungsform wurden unterschiedliche Therapiestrategien (Kohle, Antidota, extrakorporale Entgiftung) eingesetzt.
Folgerung: Die Zahl der akut intoxikierten Patienten, die intensivmedizinisch behandelt werden mussten, war sehr niedrig bedingt durch eine exzellente Versorgung in der prähospitalen Phase und in der Notaufnahme. Die Letalität lag im Rahmen der aus der Literatur bekannten Daten.
Cases of acute poisoning admitted to a medical intensive care unit
Background and objective: Because of the paucity of information on the epidemiology of acute poisoning requiring intensive medical care, all such patients treated on the medical intensive care unit of the university hospital in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, between January 1993 and December 1999, were retrospectively evaluated.
Patients and methods: Of the total of 6211 patients, 147 (80 women, 67 men, mean age 41 years, 2,3 %) were treated for acute intoxication in the intensive care unit.
Results: Reasons for admission to the intensive care unit were the need for ventilator treatment or intensive monitoring of vital functions. 52 % of the patients (n = 76) had attempted suicide, most of them using anti-depressive drugs (n = 19), paracetamol (n = 16), or benzodiazepines (n = 9). Two patients (2,6 %) died. 48 % of the patients (n = 71) were admitted because of accidental poisoning. Leading toxic agents in this group were heroin (n = 19), alcohol (n = 18) and digitalis (n = 12). 11 patients had taken herbicides, animal poisons or chemicals used at work or for house cleaning. In this cohort, three i. v. drug abusers (4,2 %) had died. Depending on the agents used, a variety of treatments (charcoal, antidots, extracorporal therapy) were undertaken.
Conclusion: Due to excellent care in the prehospital phase and in the emergency room the number of patients requiring treatment on the intensive care unit was rather low. The mortality was in the range of other reports.
Literatur
- 1
AACT and EAPCCT .
Position
statement and practice guidelines on the use of multi-dose activated
charcoal in the treatment of acute poisoning.
J Toxicol
Clin Toxicol.
1999;
37
731-751
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 2
Caballero V alles
PJ, Dorado P S, Brusint O B, Jerez B B, Medina S M.
The
epidemiological surveillance of acute poisoning in 1997. A study
of 1140 cases from the area south of the Madrid Community.
Rev
Clin Esp.
1999;
199
424-430
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 3
Crombie I K, McLoone P.
Does the availability
of prescribed drugs affect rates of self poisoning?.
Br
J Gen Pract.
1998;
48
1505-1506
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 4
Fürst S, Habscheid W.
Acute poisoning in
patients of a medical intensive care unit.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr.
1993;
118
849-853
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 5
Hall A K, Curry C.
Changing epidemiology
and management of deliberate self poisoning in Christchurch.
N
Z Med J.
1994;
107
396-399
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 6
Henderson A, Wright M, Pond S M.
Experience
with 732 acute overdose patients admitted to an intensive care unit
over six years.
Med J Aust.
1993;
158
28-30
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 7
Johns M W.
Self-poisoning
with barbiturates in England and Wales during 1959 - 74.
Br
Med J.
1977;
1
1128-1130
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 8
Juarez-Aragon G, Castanon-Gonzalez J A, Perez-Morales A J, Montoya C abrera MA.
Clinical
and epidemiological characteristics of severe poisoning in an adult
population admitted to an intensive care unit.
Gac Med
Mex.
1999;
135
669-675
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 9
Lapatto-Reiniluoto O, Kivisto K T, Pohjola-Sintonen S, Luomanmaki K, Neuvonen P J.
A
prospective study of acute poisonings in Finnish hospital patients.
Hum
Exp Toxicol.
1998;
17
307-311
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 10
Lawson A A, Mitchell I.
Patients with acute
poisoning seen in a general medical unit (1960 - 71).
Br
Med J.
1972;
4
153-156
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 11
Matthew H, Proudfoot A T, Brown S S, Aitken R C.
Acute poisoning: organization
and work-load of a treatment centre.
Br Med J.
1969;
3
489-493
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 12
Nogue S, Marruecos L, Nolla J, Monteis J, Ferrer A, Civeira E.
The profile
evolution of acute severe poisoning in Spain.
Toxicol
Lett.
1992;
64 - 65
725-727
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 13
Persson H E, Sjoberg G K, Haines J A, Pronczuk D G.
Poisoning
severity score. Grading of acute poisoning.
J Toxicol
Clin Toxicol.
1998;
36
205-213
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 14
Phillips S, Brent J, Kulig K, Heiligenstein J, Birkett M. The Antidepressant Study
Group .
Fluoxetine versus tricyclic antidepressants: a
prospective multicenter study of antidepressant drug overdoses.
J
Emerg Med.
1997;
15
439-445
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 15
Platt S, Hawton K, Kreitman N, Fagg J, Foster J.
Recent clinical and epidemiological
trends in parasuicide in Edinburgh and Oxford: a tale of two cities.
Psychol
Med.
1988;
18
405-418
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 16
Proudfoot A T.
Clinical
toxicology-past, present and future.
Hum Toxicol.
1988;
7
481-487
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 17
Schuster H P, Weilemann L S.
Results
of treatment of internal medicine intensive care cases.
Med
Klin.
1981;
76
419-422
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 18
Stürer A, Weilemann L S.
Fünf
Jahre Vergiftungsdokumentation ADAM-Entwicklungen und Tendenzen
für den Intensivmediziner.
Intensivmed.
2000;
37
417
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 19
Tay S Y, Tai D Y, Seow E, Wang Y T.
Patients admitted
to an intensive care unit for poisoning.
Ann Acad Med
Singapore.
1998;
27
347-352
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 20
Vernon D D, Gleich M C.
Poisoning and
drug overdose.
Crit Care Clin.
1997;
13
647-667
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 21
Verstraete A G, Buylaert W A.
Survey of
patients with acute poisoning seen in the Emergency Department of
the University Hospital of Gent between 1983 and 1990.
Eur
J Emerg Med.
1995;
2
217-223
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 22
Viertel A, Sachunsky I, Wolf G, Blaser C.
Treatment of diphenhydramine
intoxication with haemoperfusion.
Nephrol Dial Transplant.
1994;
9
1336-1338
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 23
Weilemann L S.
Primary
and secondary poison elimination.
Internist.
2000;
41
1071-1076
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 24
Weilemann L S, Hilgers H J, Reckmann A.
Current
aspects of para-suicidal poisoning.
Med Klin.
1996;
91
355-358
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 25
Weir P, Ardagh M.
The
epidemiology of deliberate self poisoning presenting to Christchurch
Hospital Emergency Department.
N Z Med J.
1998;
111
127-129
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 26
Zimmerman J E, Knaus W A, Judson J A. et al .
Patient selection for intensive care: a
comparison of New Zealand and United States hospitals.
Crit
Care Med.
1988;
16
318-326
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
Korrespondenz
Privatdozent Dr. med. Hans- Reinhard Brodt
Medizinische Klinik III/Infektiologie, J.
W. Goethe Universität
Theodor Stern Kai 7
60590 Frankfurt am Main
Telefon: 49/69/6301 6608
Fax: 49/69/6301 6378
eMail: reinhard@brodt.net