Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2018; 43(01): 23-27
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-124947
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Ernährung und Sarkopenie

Nutrition and Sarcopenia
Eva Kiesswetter
Institut für Biomedizin des Alterns, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
27 February 2018 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Aufgrund zahlreicher Aufgaben verschiedener Ernährungsfaktoren im Muskelstoffwechsel spielt die Ernährung eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Entstehung der Sarkopenie, einem geriatrischen Syndrom, welches durch eine niedrige Muskelmasse in Kombination mit Funktionseinschränkungen gekennzeichnet ist. Eine bedarfsdeckende Energiezufuhr bildet die Grundlage für den Erhalt von Muskelmasse. Hinsichtlich der Optimierung der Muskelproteinsynthese ist besonders die Proteinzufuhr (Menge, Verteilung, Qualität) relevant. In Interaktion mit körperlichem Training ergeben sich weitere Ansatzpunkte, die anabole Resistenz des gealterten Muskels zu minimieren und Supplementationseffekte zu optimieren. Für weitere Ernährungsfaktoren wie β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrat, Omega-3-Fettsäuren, Vitamin D und Antioxidanzien, die ebenfalls im Muskelstoffwechsel involviert sind, deuten Studien ein präventives und therapeutisches Potenzial bei Sarkopenie an. Die Komplexität der Ernährung und der damit verbundene Untersuchungsaufwand bedingen allerdings, dass es in vielen Bereichen noch an hochwertigen, randomisiert kontrollierten Studien fehlt und daher häufig keine spezifischen Empfehlungen für die Zufuhr der einzelnen Stoffe abgeleitet werden können.

Abstract

Based on various functions of different nutritional factors in the muscle metabolism, nutrition plays a key role in the genesis of sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome characterized by low muscle mass and impaired function. An energy intake covering the needs is essential for the maintenance of muscle mass. Regarding the optimization of muscle protein synthesis protein intake (amount, distribution, and quality) is particularly relevant. The interaction with physical exercise offers further approaches to minimize the anabolic resistance of the older muscle and to optimize supplementation effects. For additional nutritional factors like β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, omega-3-fatty acids, vitamin D, and antioxidants, which are also involved in the muscle metabolism, studies indicate a preventive or therapeutic potential regarding sarcopenia. However, due to the complexity of nutrition and the associated research efforts, in several areas high-quality randomized controlled trials are missing and consequently specific recommendations regarding the intake of certain nutrients couldn’t be derived.

 
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