Abstract
Delirium, the most common form of acute brain dysfunction affecting up to 80% of intensive
care unit (ICU) patients, has been shown to predict long-term cognitive impairment,
one of the domains in “Post-ICU Syndrome” (PICS). The ICU environment affects several
potentially modifiable risk factors for delirium, such as disorientation and disruption,
of the sleep–wake cycle. Innovative solutions aim to transform standard concepts of
ICU room design to limit potential stressors, and utilizing the patient care space
as a treatment tool, exerting positive, therapeutic effects. The main areas affected
by most architectural and interior design modifications are sound environment, light
control, floor planning, and room arrangement. Implementation of corresponding solutions
is challenging considering the significant medical and technical demands of ICUs.
This article discusses innovative concepts and promising approaches in ICU design
that may be used to prevent stress and to support the healing process of patients,
potentially limiting the impact of delirium and PICS.
Keywords
critical care - intensive care unit - architecture - post–intensive care unit syndrom
- delirium - nonpharmacological - light - noise - sound - mobility - physiotherapy
