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Am J Perinatol 2019; 36(02): 176-183
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1660865
Original Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Hypertensive Disorders during Pregnancy and Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Preterm Infants

Gustavo Marcondes Rocha
1   Department of Neonatology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
,
Filipa Flor de Lima
1   Department of Neonatology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
2   Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
,
Ana Paula Machado
3   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
,
Hercília Areias Guimarães
1   Department of Neonatology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
2   Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
,
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Study Group
› Author Affiliations
Funding None.
Further Information

Publication History

26 December 2017

17 May 2018

Publication Date:
11 July 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Introduction It is not yet fully known whether hypertensive disorders (HTD) during pregnancy impose an increased risk of development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm newborn infants.

Objective To test the hypothesis that preeclampsia and other HTD are associated with the development of BPD in preterm infants.

Materials and Methods Data on mothers and preterm infants with gestational age 24 to 30 weeks were prospectively analyzed in 11 Portuguese level III centers. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics 23.

Results A total of 494 preterm infants from 410 mothers were enrolled, and 119 (28%) of the 425 babies, still alive at 36 weeks, developed BPD. The association between chronic arterial hypertension, chronic arterial hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension in mothers and BPD in preterm infants was not significant (p = 0.115; p = 0.248; p = 0.060, respectively). The association between preeclampsia–eclampsia and BPD was significant (p = 0.007). The multivariate analysis revealed an association between preeclampsia–eclampsia and BPD (odds ratio [OR] = 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.529–13.819; p = 0.007) and a protective effect for BPD when preeclampsia occurred superimposed on chronic arterial hypertension in mothers (OR = 0.077; 95%CI 0.009–0.632; p = 0.017).

Conclusion The results of this study support the association of preeclampsia in mothers with BPD in preterm babies and suggest that chronic hypertension may be protective for preterm babies.

Keywords

hypertensive disorders of pregnancy - preeclampsia - preterm newborn - bronchopulmonary dysplaisa - perinatology