„Ecstasy“ – die Droge der Techno-Generation

Zusammenfassung

Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert eine Einführung zu „Ecstasy“, der Modedroge der Techno-Musik-Generation. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf klinisch relevanten Informationen. „Ecstasy“ ist der Straßenname für das ring-substituierte Amphetaminderivat 3,4-Methylene-Dioxy-Methamphetamin, kurz MDMA. Mittlerweile wird der Name „Ecstasy“ als Sammelbegriff für MDMA und seine chemisch nur leicht abweichenden Analoga MDA, MDEA und MBDB verwendet. Ausgehend von der Chemie wird der molekulare Wirkmechanismus der Substanzen erläutert. Die psychotropen und peripheren Wirkungen von „Ecstasy“ samt Komplikationen und das Vorgehen bei Intoxikationen werden dargestellt. Zudem werden die wichtigsten pharmakokinetischen Eigenschaften und gefährliche Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Substanzen besprochen. Typische Gebrauchsmuster, neue epidemiologische Gesichtspunkte und juristische Aspekte dieser in Deutschland nicht-verkehrsfähigen Betäubungsmittel werden beschrieben. Abschließend werden mögliche Langzeitfolgen beim Menschen nach schwerem „Ecstasy“-Konsum diskutiert.

Summary

This paper provides an introduction to “Ecstasy”, the most popular abused drug of the techno music generation. It focuses on information for clinical purposes. „Ecstasy“ is the street name for the ring-substituted amphetamine derivate 3,4-methylene-dioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA). Today, the name “Ecstasy” is used as a group name for MDMA and its close chemical analogs MDA, MDEA and MBDB. Starting from their chemistry their molecular mechanism of action is described. Central nervous and somatic effects of “Ecstasy” including complications and therapeutic measures after intoxikation are described. In addition, we illustrate the most important aspects of pharmacokinetic and interactions with other substances. We also explain typical patterns of substance use, new epidemiological trends and legal issues. Finally, possible long-term effects in humans resulting from severe “Ecstasy” use are discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

Ecstasy - MDMA - Amphetamin-Derivate - Designer-Drogen

Key words

Ecstasy - MDMA - amphetamine derivates - designer drugs

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