Prävention von Übergewicht bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Zusammenfassung

Angesichts der hohen Prävalenz von Übergewicht bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, deren Persistenz bis ins Erwachsenenalter sowie der mit dem Übergewicht assoziierten Morbidität ist seine Prävention notwendig. Die auf wissenschaftlich begleiteten Interventions-studien beruhende Evidenz zeigt geringe Effekte verschiedener Präventionsstrategien, welche individuelles Verhalten, die Verhältnisse oder auch die Lebenswelten in Kommunen adressiert hatten. Nichtsdestoweniger werden diese Maßnahmen als kosteneffektiv bewertet. Zukünftige Maßnahmen der Prävention sollten sowohl auf das Gesundheitswesen als auch auf Bereiche außerhalb des Gesundheitssektors wie Erziehung und Bil-dung, Unternehmen, Industrie und Wirtschaft, Landwirtschaft, Handel, Transport, Tourismus, Klima und die „gebaute“ Umgebung fokussieren. Prävention braucht Anwaltschaft und Führung, aber auch die Partizipation der Betroffenen. Strukturelle Veränderung der die Adipositas fördernden Lebenswelten sowie eine die verschiedenen Lebensphasen differenziert begleitende Prävention sind zukünftige Herausforderung für Experten, Gesellschaft und Politiker, um die Adipositasepidemie zu überwinden.

Summary

Faced with the high prevalence of childhood overweight, its persistence into adulthood and co-morbidities there is need of prevention. Empirical evidence shows that different strategies of prevention (aimed at individuals, environment and/or communities) have some but limited effects. Nevertheless they are considered as cost-effective. Future actions against overweight have to take a broader view and should address both, the health and the non-health sector focussing on education, economy, agriculture, trade, transport, tourism, climate and built environment. There is need of advocacy and leadership taken over by governments and experts as well as of participation of the obese people. Counteracting obesogenic environments as well as a lifecourse approach of prevention are future challenges for societies and politicians to overcome the obesity epidemic.

Schlüsselwörter

Verhältnisprävention - kommunale Prävention - Gesundheitsförderung - Public Health - sozioökonomischer Status

Keywords

Individual prevention - environmental prevention - community prevention - health promotion - public health - socioeconomic status

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