Stigmatisierende Einstellungen zur Adipositas in der deutschen Bevölkerung

Zusammenfassung

Ziel: Die Verbreitung stigmatisierender Einstellungen zur Adipositas in der Bevölkerung und die damit assoziierten psychologischen und soziodemografischen Determinanten zu bestimmen.

Methoden: In einer repräsentativen Surveyuntersuchung (n = 1000) wurden stigmatisierende Einstellungen zur Adipositas, Kausalattributionen, das Verständnis der Adipositas als Krankheit, Einschätzungen zu Prävalenz, Signifikanz und Chronizität der Adipositas und soziodemografische Merkmale erhoben.

Ergebnisse: Insgesamt zeigten 23,5 % der Befragten stigmatisierende Einstellungen, 21,5 % nicht und 55,0 % waren unentschieden. Prädiktoren für mehr Stigmatisierung waren Kausalattributionen auf das individuelle Verhalten, ein geringerer Bildungsstand und ein höheres Lebensalter. Kausalattributionen auf genetische Faktoren oder das Verständnis der Adipositas als Krankheit prädizierten dagegen ein geringeres Maß an Stigmatisierung.

Diskussion: Stigmatisierende Einstellungen zur Adipositas sind in der Bevölkerung verbreitet. Informationen zu Ätiologie und klinischer Relevanz der Adipositas könnten Ansatzpunkte für Stigmareduktion darstellen.

Summary

Objective: To determine stigmatizing attitudes towards obesity in the population, and its associated psychological and sociodemographic determinants.

Methods: In a representative survey investigation (n = 1000), stigmatizing attitudes towards obesity; causal attributions; the labeling of obesity as an illness; perceptions about prevalence, severity, and chronicity of obesity; and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed.

Results: A total of 23,5 % of participants held stigmatizing attitudes towards obesity, 21,5 % did not, and 55,0 % had undetermined attitudes. Predictors of greater stigmatization were more causal attributions of obesity to individual behavior, less education, and older age, while causal attributions of obesity to heredity and labeling obesity as an illness predicted less stigmatization.

Discussion: Stigmatizing attitudes towards obesity are prevalent in the population. Information about the etiology of obesity and the clinical relevance of this condition could support destigmatization efforts.

Schlüsselwörter

Stigma - Einstellungen - Kausalattributionen - bevölkerungsrepräsentativer Survey

Keywords

Stigma - attitudes - causal attributions - representative survey

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