Alzheimer-Demenz

Zusammenfassung

Demenzielle Erkrankungen spielen aufgrund des demografischen Wandels eine zunehmende Rolle in unserer Gesellschaft und somit auch im klinischen Alltag. Die Weiterentwicklung diagnostischer Methoden wie das Amyloid-PET und die Biomarkerbestimmung im Liquor hat eine Wende in der Klassifikation der Demenzen herbeigeführt. Es ist mittlerweile nicht nur möglich, die Alzheimer-Erkrankung als häufigste Ursache der Demenz schon in Frühstadien sicher zu erkennen. Auch einige klinisch atypische Demenzen zeigen die charakteristische Alzheimer-Pathologie und werden dementsprechend als Alzheimer-Varianten aufgefasst. Ein relevanter Anteil alzheimerähnlicher Demenzen beruht hingegen nicht auf einer alzheimerdefinierenden Amyloid-Pathologie.

In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die Folgen der modernen diagnostischen Methoden auf die Klassifikation der Demenzen, deren Prävention und Therapie diskutiert.

Summary

The dementias, due to the demographic change, play an increasing role in public health and clinical everyday work. New developments in diagnostic methods like amyloid-PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers have led to a change in the classification of the dementias.

Currently, it is not only possible to detect Alzheimer’s disease in its early stages. Also atypical dementias have been identified as Alzheimer variants. Conversely, a relevant proportion of Alzheimer-mimics does not reveal an Alzheimer-defining pathology. In this review, the consequences of the new diagnostic methods on the classification of dementias, their prevention and therapy are discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

Alzheimer-Demenz - Amyloid-PET - Biomarker - Prävention

Keywords

Alzheimer’s disease - amyloid-PET - biomarkers - prevention

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