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Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2015; 40(04): 233-239
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1552691
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© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Ein Silberstreif am Horizont? Zukunftsaussichten für die Adipositasprävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit einem kritischen Seitenblick auf das Präventionsgesetz

A Silver Lining on the Horizon? Future Perspectives of Obesty Prevention in Children and Adolescents with a Critical Sideglance on the Legal Regulation of Prevention
J. Ried
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Philosophische Fakultät und Fachbereich Theologie, Lehrstuhl für Systematische Theologie II (Ethik)
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Publication History

Publication Date:
06 August 2015 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Während es einerseits trotz zahlreicher in den vergangenen Jahren durchgeführter Studien (noch) nicht gelungen ist, eine effektive und umsetzbare Strategie für die Adipositasprävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu formulieren, zeigen sich andererseits vielversprechende Tendenzen und Ansätze zur Weiter- und Neuentwicklung von Konzepten mit vermutlich verbesserter Effektivität. Als aussichtsreich erweisen sich zum einen kombinierte Ansätze mit Fokus auf das engere familiäre Umfeld und schulische Settings, zum anderen Strategien, die die sozialen und politischen Lebenswelten der Betroffenen adressieren. Um die identifizierten Potenziale für eine effektivere Adipositasprävention gerade vor dem Hintergrund des unlängst verabschiedeten Präventionsgesetzes nutzen zu können, bedarf es einer intensiveren Diskussion zu den folgenden Aspekten:

Erstens ist nicht hinreichend geklärt, welche Form von Evidenz für die Plausibilisierung von konkreten Maßnahmen und Strategien benötigt wird. Zum einen operieren viele Studien zur Adipositasprävention der methodischen Einfachheit halber mit der Prävalenz als Effektivitätsmarker, während eigentlich die Inzidenz angemessen wäre. Zum anderen ist zu fragen, welche Funktion einem reflektierten common sense in den relevanten Bereichen zukommen kann, in denen robuste wissenschaftliche Evidenz nicht verfügbar ist.

Gerade in den Diskussionen zu gesetzlichen Regelungen werden die Komplexität politisch-gesellschaftlicher Konsensbildung häufig unterschätzt. Deshalb bedarf es, zweitens, einer engeren Verschränkung von wissenschaftlicher Forschung und politisch-gesellschaftlichem Diskurs, um die unterschiedlichen Positionen und Argumentationsformen in einen zielgerichteten Austausch zu bringen.

Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheint die Verknüpfung unterschiedlicher Ebenen von individuellen und familiären Kontexten bis hin zu sozial- und ordnungspolitischen Perspektiven zu einem integrierenden Präventionsansatz eine der aktuell größten Herausforderungen für die Adipositasprävention.

Abstract

Despite numerous efforts in past decades, an effective and applicable strategy of obesity prevention in children and adolescents could not have been developed and implemented up to now. Nevertheless, new approaches and concepts are emerging and stirring hope of more effective prevention strategies. Promising trends can be identified e. g. when families and educational settings are adressed in combination or when wider social and political environmets are focussed. As a regulation of prevention is in the law-making procedure in Germany currently, the identified potential can be unlocked, if at least the following aspects are considered.

First, it is far from clear which evidence is required to make concrete measures and strategies of prevention plausible. Because ist is easier in terms of methodology, many obesity prevention studies rely on prevalence as outcome, while incidence is more adequate. Further, there is a need to consider to what extent common sense-rationality should be taken into account, especially in cases, when scientific evidence is hardly available.

Second, in debates about legal regulation concerning obesity-related issues, the complexity of social and political consensu-buildung is often underestimated. Therefore, scientific research and socio-political discourse have to be interconnected in a more thorough way. As a result, divergent and even contrary positions emerging in the field of obesity prevention can be brought together more closely.

Against this background, the integration of different perspectives from individual and familial contexts to social or regulatory policies proves to be among the recent major challenges of obesity prevention.

Schlüsselwörter

Adipositas - Prävention - Kinder und Jugendliche - Gesundheitspolitik - Präventionsgesetz

Keywords

obesity - prevention - children and adolescents - health policy - health law
 

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