Download PDF
J Knee Surg 2015; 28(01): 063-066
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1543956
Special Focus Section
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Autologous-Conditioned Serum: Evidence for Use in the Knee

David D. Frisbie
1   Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

16 December 2014

18 December 2014

Publication Date:
19 January 2015 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Since the first description of autologous-conditioned serum (ACS) almost two decades ago, there has been a presumption of beneficial proteins found within this product. Thought to be a key protein in ACS, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) has received the majority of the attention; although the extent of biological proteins is not known and likely because of the autologous nature of the product, vary from individual to individual. Following the positive anecdotal evidence, preclinical data demonstrated both symptom and disease-modifying effects. These results were followed by two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials, both showing significant improvement compared with placebo or hyaluronan acid in one study for quality of life, pain, and patient assessed efficacy when ACS was administered in the human knee. Much is still unknown regarding the key active proteins found in ACS as well as definitive dosing, frequency, and administration time postinjury, which hopefully will be the focus of future studies.

Keywords

autologous-conditioned serum - knee - joint - IRAP - therapy
 

  • References

  • 1 Chevalier X, Giraudeau B, Conrozier T, Marliere J, Kiefer P, Goupille P. Safety study of intraarticular injection of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter study. J Rheumatol 2005; 32 (7) 1317-1323
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Chevalier X, Goupille P, Beaulieu AD , et al. Intraarticular injection of anakinra in osteoarthritis of the knee: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 61 (3) 344-352
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Food and Drug Administration. Kineret (anakinra) (Recombinant methionyl human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) Arthritis Drug Advisor Committee Briefing Package; July 17, 2001 ; Thousand Oaks, CA. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/briefing/3779b1_01_Amgen.pdf
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Kraus VB, Birmingham J, Stabler TV , et al. Effects of intraarticular IL1-Ra for acute anterior cruciate ligament knee injury: a randomized controlled pilot trial (NCT00332254). Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20 (4) 271-278
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Mitroulis I, Skendros P, Ritis K. Targeting IL-1β in disease; the expanding role of NLRP3 inflammasome. Eur J Intern Med 2010; 21 (3) 157-163
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Evans CH, Gouze JN, Gouze E, Robbins PD, Ghivizzani SC. Osteoarthritis gene therapy. Gene Ther 2004; 11 (4) 379-389
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Evans CH, Robbins PD, Ghivizzani SC , et al. Gene transfer to human joints: progress toward a gene therapy of arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102 (24) 8698-8703
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Meijer H, Reinecke J, Becker C, Tholen G, Wehling P. The production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole blood by physico-chemical induction. Inflamm Res 2003; 52 (10) 404-407
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Hannum CH, Wilcox CJ, Arend WP , et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist activity of a human interleukin-1 inhibitor. Nature 1990; 343 (6256) 336-340
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Carter DB, Deibel Jr MR, Dunn CJ , et al. Purification, cloning, expression and biological characterization of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein. Nature 1990; 344 (6267) 633-638
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Wehling P, Moser C, Frisbie D , et al. Autologous conditioned serum in the treatment of orthopedic diseases: the orthokine therapy. BioDrugs 2007; 21 (5) 323-332
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Frisbie DD, Kawcak CE, Werpy NM, Park RD, McIlwraith CW. Clinical, biochemical, and histologic effects of intra-articular administration of autologous conditioned serum in horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68 (3) 290-296
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Ferris DJ, Frisbie DD, McIlwraith CW, Kawcak CE. Current joint therapy usage in equine practice: a survey of veterinarians 2009. Equine Vet J 2011; 43 (5) 530-535
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Baltzer AWA, Drever R, Granrath M, Godde G, Klein W, Wehling P. Intraarticular treatment of osteoarthritis using autologous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) conditioned serum. Dtsch Z Sportmed 2003; 54 (6) 209-211
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Baltzer AW, Moser C, Jansen SA, Krauspe R. Autologous conditioned serum (Orthokine) is an effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17 (2) 152-160
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Darabos N, Haspl M, Moser C, Darabos A, Bartolek D, Groenemeyer D. Intraarticular application of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) reduces bone tunnel widening after ACL reconstructive surgery in a randomized controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2011; 19 (Suppl. 01) S36-S46
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar