Intraobserverreliabilität des handballspezifischen Komplextests (HBKT)

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Aktuell ist im Handball ein eklatanter Mangel hinsichtlich komplexer, sportartspezifischer Tests zu verzeichnen. Bislang wurde kein handballspezifischer Komplextest entwickelt und bezüglich seiner Intraobserverreliabilität (IR) geprüft.

Fragestellung: Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die IR des handballspezifischen Komplextests (HBKT) zu ermitteln.

Methodik: Zwei Teams der 3. Liga (n = 30; Alter: 25,7 ± 3,9 Jahre, Range: 19 – 33 Jahre) wurden im Abstand von zwei Tagen mit dem HBKT untersucht. Innerhalb des HBKT wurden die Beanspruchungsparameter Laktat und Herzfrequenz sowie die Belastungsparameter Zeit, Wurfgeschwindigkeit und Fehleranzahl erhoben.

Ergebnisse: 36 % (3/13) der Beanspruchungsparameter wiesen eine hohe relative (ICC > 0,75) und absolute (CV ≤ 5 %) IR auf. Im Mittel war eine ausreichende (ICC = 0,67, CV = 11,3 %) IR zu beobachten. Diese steigt signifikant (ICC = 0,72, CV = 6,3 %), wenn die Parameter „technische Fehler“ und „Fehlwürfe“ nicht in die statistische Analyse eingehen. Die Herzfrequenz war reliabler als der Parameter Laktat (∅ICC = 0,71 & ∅CV = 4,23 vs. ∅ICC = 0,65 & ∅CV = 15,1 %). Hinsichtlich der Belastungsparameter konnte in Runde 1 des HBKT für 50 % (5/10) und in Runde 2 für 40 % der Parameter eine hohe IR ermittelt werden. Im Mittel war die IR der Parameter in Runde 1 höher als in Runde 2 (∅ICC = 0,71 & ∅CV = 12,2 % vs. ∅ICC = 0,60 & ∅CV = 14,3 %). Tendenziell verbesserten sich die Sportler in den Beanspruchungs- und Belastungsparametern vom Messzeitpunkt (MZP) 1 zum MZP 2.

Schlussfolgerung: Der HBKT besitzt eine ausreichende IR. Ohne die Parameter Fehlwürfe und technische Fehler erhöht sich die IR indes deutlich. Deshalb sollten diese Parameter im Interesse der Standardisierung des HBKT zwar erfasst, jedoch nicht in die statistische Analyse einbezogen werden. Die Sportler sollten im Vorfeld intensiv mit dem HBKT bekannt gemacht werden. Ansonsten besteht bei der Interpretation der Testdaten die Gefahr, dass Trainingseffekte überschätzt werden. Überdies kann das Testkonzept des HBKT als Grundlage für die Entwicklung von sportartspezifischen Tests in anderen Spielsportarten (z. B. Fußball, Basketball) dienen. Beispielhaft sei an dieser Stelle auf den Fußballspezifischen Komplextest (FBKT) verwiesen [1].

Abstract

Background: There are clearly no complex and sports-specific tests in handball. So far, no specific complex test has been developed and verified for its intraobserver reliability (IR).

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the IR of the Handball-specific complex test (HBKT).

Methods: The HBKT was applied twice at an interval of two days to two teams of the German Third League (n = 30; age 25.7 ± 3.9 years, range: 19 – 33 years). Within the HBKT, the stress parameters lactate and heart rate as well as the loading parameters time, throwing velocity and number of errors were collected.

Results: Overall, 23 % (3/13) of the stress parameters showed a high relative [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.75] and absolute [coefficient of variation (CV) ≤ 5 %] IR. On average, a sufficient absolute (∅CV = 11.3 %) and relative (∅ICC = 0.67) IR was observed. Without the parameters “missed throws” and “technical errors” in both rounds, the IR increased significantly (∅ICC: from 0.67 to 0.72 & ∅CV from 11.3 to 6.3 %). The heart rate was comparatively more reliable than lactate (∅ICC = 0.71 & ∅CV = 4.23 % vs. ∅ICC = 0.65 & ∅CV = 15.1 %). With respect to load parameters in round one, 50 % (5/10) showed a high IR; in round two, these values decreased to 40 % (4/10). The mean IR of the parameters in round one was higher than in round two (∅ICC = 0.71 & ∅CV = 12.2 % vs. ∅ICC = 0.60 & ∅CV = 14.3 %). Overall, there was an improvement of the athletes in most stress and load parameters from session one to session two.

Conclusions: The HBKT can be attested with a sufficient intraobserver reliability. When the parameters “missed throws” and “technical errors” were excluded, the IR further increased significantly. Therefore, these parameters should be recorded in order to standardized the HBKT, but not be included in the statistical analysis. There are discrete adaptation and learning effects. For this reason, it is essential to familiarise trainers and players with the HBKT test procedure before the first measurement. Otherwise training effects can be easily overrated. Moreover, the test concept of HBKT can be used as a blueprint for the development of sport-specific tests in other team sports (e. g., soccer, basketball). For example, we generated a complex soccer-specific field test [1] based on the HBKT.

Schlüsselwörter

Handball - Reliabilität - Leistungsdiagnostik - Komplextest

Key words

handball - reliability - assessment of physical performance - complex test performance

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