Hörstörungen bei Glaukom

Zusammenfassung

Eine der häufigsten Beeinträchtigungen des Wahrnehmungsvermögens von älteren Menschen sind Hörminderungen. Glaukom ist eine der häufigsten Ursachen für Blindheit auf der Welt. Sowohl Hör- als auch Sehminderungen nehmen typischerweise mit höherem Alter zu. Es gibt wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, die zeigen, dass Hör- und Sehminderungen häufiger zusammen auftreten, als es anhand der Prävalenzen der einzelnen Störungen wahrscheinlich wäre. Aufgrund des demografischen Wandels mit einer zunehmend älter werdenden Bevölkerung wird daher wahrscheinlich auch die Häufigkeit von kombinierten Hör- und Sehstörungen weiter zunehmen, die eine besondere Herausforderung nicht nur für Ärzte und Pflegepersonal, sondern auch eine hohe Belastung für das private Umfeld der Patienten darstellen. Insofern ist es von besonderer Bedeutung, Hör- und Sehstörungen (duale sensorische Störungen, DSS) möglichst frühzeitig zu diagnostizieren und zu behandeln. Die Therapie von Hörstörungen und des Glaukoms sowie möglicherweise zugrunde liegender Allgemeinerkrankungen wie z. B. Durchblutungsstörungen ist dabei genauso wichtig wie sinnvolle Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen und die Versorgung mit Hörgeräten und Sehhilfen. In den letzten Jahren hat sich das Wissen über molekularbiologische Grundlagen von Hörstörungen und Glaukom zwar ständig weiterentwickelt, bewegt sich derzeit aber meist noch im Bereich von Labor- und Tierversuchen. So bleibt es derzeit noch abzuwarten, ob und in wie weit in Zukunft eventuell auch die zugrunde liegenden genetischen, immunologischen und insbesondere mitochondrialen Störungen einer Therapie in vivo zugänglich werden.

Abstract

One of the most common sensory impairments of elderly people is hearing loss. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Hearing and vision loss typically increase with older age. There is scientific evidence that the coincidence of hearing and vision loss is more frequent than expected by the prevalence of individual disorders. With regards to demographic changes and an aging population, in future, it is probable that the incidence of combined hearing and vision impairments will increase, representing a particular challenge not only for doctors and nurses but also a high burden for the private environment of the patients. Therefore, it is of particular importance to diagnose and to treat hearing and vision loss (dual sensory loss) as early as possible. The treatment of hearing disorders and glaucoma as well as possibly underlying systemic diseases such as circulatory disturbances is as important as responsible rehabilitation measures and the supply of hearing and low vision aids. During the last years, knowledge about the molecular biological background of hearing loss and glaucoma has continuously increased but it is currently still at the level of laboratory and animal experiments. Therefore, it remains to be seen whether and to what extent a real therapy for the underlying genetic, immunological and in particular mitochondrial disorders may be accessible in the future.

Schlüsselwörter

Hörstörungen - Glaukom - Pseudoexfoliationssyndrom - Durchblutungsstörungen - immunologische Störungen - mitochondriale Störungen

Key words

hearing disorders - glaucoma - pseudoexfoliation syndrome - circulatory disorders - immunological disorders - mitochondrial disorders

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