Semin Speech Lang 2013; 34(03): C1-C8
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1358372
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Self-Assessment Questions

Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
28 October 2013 (online)

This section provides a review. Mark each statement on the Answer Sheet according to the factual materials contained in this issue and the opinions of the authors.

Article One (pp. 129–141)

  1. The universally accepted (factors that have consistently shown to predict aphasia recovery in stroke and aphasia recovery studies) are

    • age and stroke severity/disability

    • stroke size and age

    • stroke severity/disability and aphasia severity

    • aphasia severity and age.

  2. In the literature, what factors affect 11 to 74% of complete aphasia recovery?

    • Sensitivity and specificity of outcome measures

    • Outcome measures taken at various times poststroke recovery

    • Acute recovery versus chronic recovery

    • Sensitivity, specificity of outcome measures, and length of time post recovery

  3. Stroke-related predictors of aphasia recovery include

    • vascular risk factors including ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation

    • stroke severity and stroke disability

    • baseline aphasia and stroke severity

    • stroke severity

  4. The patient-related predictors of aphasia recovery include

    • age and gender

    • handedness and age

    • performance on language tests and education level

    • aphasia severity

  5. Predictive models of aphasia recovery account for what percentage of recovery?

    • 20 to 40%

    • 12 to 25%

    • 60 to 75%

    • 32 to 41%

    Article Two (pp. 142–153)

  6. Which of the following provide the major difference between implicit and explicit memory?

    • Implicit memory and explicit memory are both short-term memory systems.

    • Implicit memory is reserved for facts and dates, and explicit memory refers to remembering events only.

    • Implicit and explicit memory are both long-term memory systems; implicit memory is memory for skills, habits, and emotional associations, and explicit memory is memory for events, facts, and ideas.

    • Implicit memory deteriorates more rapidly that the explicit memory system when a patient is diagnosed with a memory impairment.

  7. What does it mean when a patient has posttraumatic amnesia?

    • The patient only remembers their life after the accident.

    • The patient is able to reliably recall daily events that have occurred, but is not oriented to time or place.

    • The patient is in a stage postinjury during which declarative learning is impaired and implicit learning is intact.

    • The patient is accurately able to answer orientation questions regarding time and place, but has forgotten tasks such as how to tie his or her shoes.

  8. Name one remarkable pattern regarding the number of declarative questions asked of the participants.

    • Participants were not asked declarative questions by hospital staff.

    • Participants were only asked declarative questions to which they had already been told the answers.

    • Each participant was asked multiple questions to which they answered incorrectly; however, the hospital staff member corrected them immediately.

    • On multiple occasions, each participant answered a declarative question incorrectly and was not corrected.

  9. What is a medical implication if patients with memory impairment are asked declarative questions regarding their day in inpatient rehabilitation?

    • The patient may be taught a new way to administer his insulin injection and not remember when he is discharged and return home.

    • The patient may grow to like oatmeal for breakfast because he was served it every day during his stay at the rehabilitation facility.

    • The patient may have signed up for vocational services he did not require because he did not realize he was retired.

    • The patient may never remember his speech-language pathologist's name.

  10. What are suggestions for health care staff training to ensure effective communication with patients who have memory impairment?

    • Communicate with all members of the patient's medical team.

    • Modify the environment to include graphic schedules and memory books.

    • Explain the patient's memory impairment to the legally appointed representative, either in person or in writing.

    • Refrain from asking the patient that require recall of events questions.

    • All of the above.

    Article Three (pp. 154–169)

  11. Complications of dysphagia following stroke include

    • malnutrition

    • heart disease

    • dehydration

    • pneumonia

    • A, C, and D

    • all of the above

  12. Which of the following factors are known to increase the risk of dysphagia following stroke?

    • Age

    • Sex

    • Geographic location of residence

    • Education level

    • None of the above

  13. Exercises that involve swallowing are not recommended for

    • patients who are unable to swallow even their own secretions safely

    • patients with decreased cognitive status

    • patients who are generally deconditioned

    • patients who have experienced prior strokes

    • all of the above

  14. The best rehabilitation approach in treating dysphagia following stroke is

    • postural adjustments

    • neuromuscular electrical stimulation

    • thermal-tactile stimulation

    • diet modification

    • a combined approach based on the individual patient's needs

    Article Four (pp. 170–184)

  15. Which of the following statements about treatments for Alzheimer disease is correct?

    • Disease progression can be halted by currently approved medications.

    • Increasing attention is being paid to nonpharmacological interventions for persons with Alzheimer disease and other dementias.

    • Social interaction is more beneficial in reducing symptoms of Alzheimer disease than cognitive stimulation or physical exercise.

    • None of the above.

  16. The Elder Rehab program designed by Arkin and colleagues

    • hired clinical nursing assistants to do physical exercises with older adults with dementia

    • was a multimodal intervention that combined physical exercise, cognitive-linguistic stimulation, and social activities

    • led to significant improvements in global cognitive function in the first year of intervention

    • improved the mood of persons with dementia, but had no effect on physical fitness or cognitive performance

  17. The Language-Enriched Exercise plus Socialization program

    • focused primarily on persons living in rural communities.

    • trained volunteers to assist persons with dementia with physical and cognitive-linguistic exercise

    • included participants with Alzheimer disease and other types of dementia.

    • all of the above

    Article Five (pp. 185–202)

  18. True or false? Communication and swallowing deficits appear in the early stages of Parkinson disease.

  19. Parkinson disease is associated with

    • dopamine loss

    • tremor

    • genetic causes

    • voice changes

    • all of the above

  20. True or false? The leading cause of death in Parkinson disease is aspiration pneumonia.

  21. Which of the following improves swallowing deficits in Parkinson disease?

    • Medications (levodopa)

    • Neuromuscular electrical stimulation

    • Deep brain stimulations

    • Cardiovascular exercise

    • Expiratory muscle strength training

  22. True or false? Overall, levodopa improves communication deficits.