Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Ultraschall kommt seit vielen Jahrzehnten ohne die Verwendung einer systematischen Dosierungsmatrix therapeutisch zur Anwendung. Bei der Wahl der Behandlungsparameter werden weder das Behandlungsziel noch die zu behandelnde Struktur berücksichtigt. Die Parameter lassen sich jedoch anhand der Ergebnisse von In-vitro-Untersuchungen schrittweise erarbeiten. Dabei können und sollten sie an das Zielgewebe und das jeweilige Therapieziel angepasst werden.
Ziel: Diese Arbeit stellt erstmals eine systematische Dosierungsmatrix für therapeutischen kontinuierlichen Ultraschall unter Berücksichtigung der Therapieziele und des Zielgewebes vor.
Methode: Die Ergebnisse einer Literaturrecherche zur systematischen Dosierung therapeutischen Ultraschalls führten zur Entwicklung einer Dosierungsmatrix.
Ergebnisse: Kontinuierlicher Ultraschall erwärmt Muskel- und Kollagengewebe bis zu einer Tiefe von 2,5 cm (3 MHz) bis 5 cm (1 MHz). Zur Anregung der Stoffwechselaktivität muss die lokale Temperatur um etwa 1° C, zur Schmerzlinderung und Durchblutungsverbesserung um 2 – 3° C und zur Verbesserung der Dehnbarkeit von Kollagen auf mindestens 4° C angehoben werden. Diese Temperaturen sind mindestens 5 Minuten auf diesem erhöhten Niveau zu halten, damit die gewünschte Effekte auftreten. Die vorgestellte Matrix ermöglicht die Berechnung der Behandlungsparameter unter Berücksichtigung des zu behandelnden Gewebes und des therapeutischen Ziels.
Schlussfolgerung: Therapeutischer Ultraschall lässt sich zielorientiert dosieren. Diese Matrix ist trotz ihrer Schwächen ein Instrument, das den Einsatz von Ultraschall auf einer wissenschaftlich fundierten Basis zielorientiert ermöglicht.
Abstract
Background: Ultrasound has been used therapeutically without the application of a systematic dosage matrix for many decades. Neither therapeutic intention nor the affected tissues are considered in determination of treatment parameters. These parameters can, however, be gleaned from in vitro research results. They can and should be adapted to the affected tissue and particular therapeutic purpose.
Objective: This article portrays for the first time a systematic dosage matrix for continuous therapeutic ultrasound considering therapeutic aims and affected tissues.
Method: Results of a literature research on systematic application of therapeutic ultrasound led to the development of a dosage matrix.
Results: Continuous therapeutic ultrasound heats muscle and collagen tissue as deep as 2.5 cm (3 MHz) to 5 cm (1 MHz). For metabolic stimulation local temperature should be raised by 1° C, for pain treatment or stimulation of blood circulation by 2 – 3° C and for improved collagen extensibility by at least 4° C. In order to produce these effects temperature should be kept on these higher levels for at least 5 minutes. The portrayed dosage matrix provides the calculation of dosage parameters in relation to therapeutic aims and the affected tissues.
Conclusion: Therapeutic ultrasound can be applied target-oriented. Despite its limitations this matrix is a tool which allows the target-oriented and science-based use of ultrasound.
Schlüsselwörter
therapeutischer Ultraschall - Dosierungsmatrix
Key words
therapeutic ultrasound - dosage matrix
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Pieter van Kerkhof
PT M.Sc. Phys.
Burggrabenstr. 25a
8266 Steckborn
Schweiz
Email: pvankerkhof@yahoo.de